Ancient Egypt -- a land of mysteries. No other civilization has so captured the imagination of scholars and laypeople alike. Mystery surrounds its origins, its religion and its monumental architecture: broad temples, pyramids and the enormous Sphinx. The Egyptian pyramids are the most famous of all(a) the past monuments, the only remaining wonder of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Just as biography arose from the waters, the seeds of civilization were first sown on the banks of the Nile. This mighty river, which flows north from the heart of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, nourished the ripening of the pharaonic kingdom. The long, narrow flood plain was a attractiveness for life, attracting people, animals and plants to its banks. In pre-dynastic times, nomadic hunters settled in the valley and began to rise up crops to supplement their food supply. Seen as a gift from the gods, the yearly flooding of the river deposited nutrient rich silt over the land, creating deification conditions for growing wheat, flax and other crops. The first communal project of this fledgeless society was the building of irrigation canals for agricultural purposes.
The sun was a hint deity whose passage across the sky represented the unfailing cycle of birth, death and rebirth.
The pharaohs were seen as gods, divine representatives on flat coat who, through rituals, masterd the continuation of life. After death, they became immortal, joining the gods in the afterworld.
The Egyptians in addition believed that the body and soul were important to human existence, in life and in death. Their funerary practices, such as mummification and sepulchre in tombs, were designed to assist the deceased find their behavior in the afterworld. The tombs were filled with food, tools, domestic wares, treasures -- all the necessities of life -- to ensure the souls return to...
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