Sports And Emotions

Abstract

In the past devil decades there has been much research on the processes and interplay between inner and extrinsic motivation. To a large extent this research has explored the personal effects of extrinsic factors on inwrought motivation. In other words, it has assay to sort bring out what extrinsic factors carry to enhance intrinsic motivation for an activity and what extrinsic factors slope to undermine it. Although altogether a small amount of this research has actually been carried out in sport settings, it is all directly relevant because sports tend to involve intrinsically interesting activities that may be performed in pursuit of extrinsic incentives. Thus, the research paradigms typically used tend to be excellent analogs of sports settings.

Outline

Millions of people throughout the world ar highly involved in sports as athletes, coaches, or spectators. Children gelt at very young ages trying to hit a softball, catch a football, or stand up on ice skates. In terms of motivation, sports have all the conveyful ingredients to be intrinsically motivating. The activities themselves are interesting and exciting. Challenge and subordination are central components; and participation is, in most cases, voluntary. for certain in sand-lot games and amateur athletics people appear to need no prods or incentives to play; the direct, experiential rewards derived from the activity seem to be enough to maintain their involvement.

Introduction

It appears from several studies that, in general, ambition tends to serve the function of controlling people by getting them self-importance involved in winning. As a result, it tends to reducing intrinsic motivation, relative to no competition. Competitive outcomes -- winning versus losing -- do provide competence information, and winning has often been found to take place to more intrinsic motivation than losing. Nonetheless, if the competition is highly ego involving, winning will undermine intrinsic motivation and hold out to...

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