The GMO Debate: Controversies Surrounding Recombinant Gene Technology and Attitudes of the British Public.

INTRODUCTION:

contractable modification (GM) is the manipulation of a living organisms genetic textile by the elimination, alteration or addition of specific gene-encoding deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. Genetic modification often involves the transfer of genetic substantive from one organism to another so that the recipient may express traits that are naturally characteristic of the donor.

BACKGROUND:

The enforce of biotechnology to aid the production of pares and livestock has a foresightfulstanding history. Genetic modification of plants and animals was practiced through domestication and controlled breeding long before the heritability of traits and the role of deoxyribonucleic acid was plenteousy understood. Recent advances in our understanding of desoxyribonucleic acid; since its identification as the transforming principle , the discovery of its double-helical twist and the analysis of its genetic code , cede led to study developments within the field of genetics and the advent of genetic engineering. Recombinant DNA technology was successfully implemented to produce the first of all genetically modified organism (GMO) in 1973 by the combined investigate of Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen. Boyer and Cohen engineered a recombinant E. coli bacterium which contained a plasmid vector sneak in into which a piece of foreign DNA had been spliced.



The foreign DNA sequence included a marker coding for enemy to the antibiotics tetracycline and kanamycin, the resultant recombinant organism demonstrated acquired resistance to these antibiotics and so confirming successful integration of the foreign genetic material. In 1980 scientists engineered the first genetically modified animal, a transgenic mouse, and in 1983 the first transgenic plant, an antibiotic resistant tobacco plant was created. Since these pioneering breakthroughs there have been rapid expansions in the production of transgenic organisms particularly for commercial use in medicine, food and agriculture. The first GM food crop to be grown commercially was a tomato dubbed FlavrSavr® created by Calgene, which was put on the US...

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