The Salvation Army Hostel For The Homeless Social Work Essay

The repurchase phalanx Hostel For The Homeless hearty Work EssayIntroduction concord to Hardcastle, Powers and Wenocur (2004), partnership usage is the industriousness of practice skills to alter the behavioural convenings of union groups, organisations, and institutions or heaps relationships and interactions with these entities. Drawing from this b atomic number 18(a) definition of residential area practice, the overcompensate foc routines on the do work I carried erupt as an Applied Community studies student working with dispossessed community at the redemption the States (SA) hostel in banishment where I completed 140 hours of practice learning as an Assistant learn Worker. For private reflection and intellectual develop custodyt the report evaluates the themes around homelessness (causes and bio-psycho- fond impacts of homelessness). The theories, regulation and policy underpinning work with homeless people is discussed, and for arguments sake, the spec ialty of encumbrance regularitys is critic whollyy analysed firearm particular emphasis on factors bring to inequalities in wellness and br some other(a)ly c atomic number 18 such as ageism, grammatical gender discrimination, race and ethnicity and kindly exclusion to get ahead an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice (Dominelli 2002 and 2008). An evaluation of my learning outcomes will be made, and the report will reason that relying on reinforcement from the local government affects the administration and provision of welf ar overhauls at the centre, which in most good examples creates ethical dilemmas for Project Workers. Further, the report will argue that complying with the local authority on who to give help makes the redemption Army to depart from its core values found on Christian principles ply the hungry, clothing the naked, and giving shelter to the homeless (Walker, 2001) among others Christian values, for example, its work with chancel seeker s. The report in like manner recognises that lack of continuity in the community affects casework with individuals. The attempt concludes by identifying areas of good practice.description of SA and work carried outThe Salvation Army was founded in 1865 by William and Catherine Booth to help people identified as affectionately undesirables (Prostitutes, criminals, medicate addicts) to embrace Christianity (Murdoch, 1996 Walker, 2001). To date, the Salvation Army has centres worldwide and runs social aid to people in need, including disaster easing (Chronicle of Philanthropy 30 October 2008). It runs youth programmes and provides allowance to homeless people but on a temporary basis. In Africa the Salvation Army whole caboodle with refugees and displaced people among other community works. It operates as a non government organisation agency that provides relief to people in need. Social support discourse is guided by the Salvation Armys 11 Christian doctrines, or soldiers cov enant, as an army against social ills. According to the Chronicle of Philanthropy (30 October 2008 10) the Salvation Army was the largest charity in the USA giving away more than $2 billion in social aid in 2007.The Salvation Army hostel (Coventry) provides accommodation to 80 residents, mostly men (75 rooms are reserved for men with only five reserved for women). The implications of this gender variation will be discussed later(prenominal). In addition, it takes only homeless people between the ages of 18 and 65, and this apprehension will overly be discussed later in relation to ageism. In addition, the centre does not provide accommodation to people who have no access to public funds, such as asylum seekers, and in that location are no facilities for homeless families, although the Salvation Army in Leamington has only sensation(a) family unit. Again, this will be discussed in relation to society stereotyping wholeness people, particularly men, as more potential to hold up homeless. The centre in addition runs a option centre which help armed service users to bid for houses on Coventry Home finder, and job search. In addition, the centre in addition hold grooming courses to promote healthy eating and budget meals among residents, and utilise sport (football) to get ahead healthy living interaction finished sport, and clients participated in football at a time every week.I worked as an Assistant Project Worker in a aggroup of 20 staff that acceptd 10 honk workers. My job included attending referral meetings, carrying out happen judgments and identifying reasons for homelessness, profiling where a find out worker asks the homeless person a series of questions in line with the National Monitoring and Evaluation Services (NMES). My duties in any case regard helping the service users to bid for houses, signposting them to the product line centre, organising cooking and football events. slender analysis of relevant theory to practice. The report now analyses the discourse of homelessness in view of the bio-psycho-social necessitate of homeless people. Maslow (1954) identified seven basic valet de chambre inescapably, of which shelter is among them (Taylor, 2010). In England, homelessness is a major issue, and between January and March 2003 there were 31 470 households identified and accepted as homeless by the topical anaesthetic self-assurance homeless (Wright et al 2003). According to Wright et al (2003), people who are homeless usually have socio, medical and psychological needfully, and are stereotypic as anti-social, violent, migrants, and undeserving. Further, they as well face isolation, lack of choice, and stigmatisation (Homeless Network 1999 Report). They are besides likely to be discriminated and socially excluded because of their ethnicity, gender, race and age (Wright et al 2003).Power and Hunter (2001) concur with this assertion and argue that most of the homeless peoples most immediate c hallenges include nutritional deficiencies, cold weather, poor personal hygiene and drug and intoxi shadowt damage. In addition they have higher(prenominal) incidents of morbidity and mortality (Wright el al 2003). Some of their medical needs/problems include a chronic history of severe alcohol dependence, with gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular or metabolic complications (Wright et al, 2003 pg 9). They also have higher incidents of depression and risk of suicide (ibid). For utile intervention with homeless people to promote their health and well- beingness, staff at the Salvation Army works jointly with health quislings (GPs), housing departments, non-statutory organisation and social services departments.Most people who use the services (homeless) at the Salvation Army hostel are single white men, ex-convicts, drug and alcohol misuse, and refugees. Underlying bio-psycho-social issues included HIV, substance misuse, isolation, and unemployment. An taking into cus tody of these underlying needs was serious during a risk discernment so that they could be identified and appropriate intervention provided, for example, where homelessness was caused by unemployment, the person would be sign-posted to the Job Centre, or assisted to fill in job covering forms. Getting a job would empower the person to become financially independent and offer a more permanent solution to a recurring problem. Similarly, people who woolly-headed their houses due to drug and alcohol misuse would be referred to other agencies such as Recovery Partnership for reclamation (solution focused intervention).The SA worked with the Coventry City Council, who referred homeless people to the centre. The local Authority gifts 147 per week towards the accommodation of the homeless person, while the person is required to pay 10. The City Council is also the major funder for the agency, a concept which eroded its independency and community standing as a Christian based refu ge for the homeless regardless of creed, race (based on verses from the Bible). As a leave alone asylum seekers who had no recourse to public funds were denied services. This experience highlights some of the challenges faced by community workers in their quest to promote social justice, which is defined as the embodiment of fairness, equity, and equality in the distribution of social resources (Flyn, 1990). This makes their role controversial as they become border guards (Ravi Kohli, 2006), and gatekeepers of resources (Limbery, 2005). The plan workers also works hand in hand with GPs, the Job Centre, drug and alcohol rehabilitation centres, Community Psychiatrists and independent and local housing agencies. This requires good team working skills, and I will comment on the development of my team-working skills later in this report.Working with homeless people for statutory organisations is underpinned by legislation such as the Housing present 1996, and the 1985 Housing Act. Lo cal regime have a duty under Section 183 of the Housing Act 1996 to provide or frustrate homelessness. They have to make inquiries (Part 7 of the 1996 Act) where psyche is likely to become homeless indoors 28 days. In addition, somebody is prevented from becoming homeless if there is a casework intervention that will provide the person or family with accommodation sustainable for at least sestet months (Communities and Local Government Recording Homeless prevention and Relief E10 of the P1E every quarter Returns, 2009). The Local authorities fucking work with partner organisations to help prevent homelessness, although these partner organisations have no duty to prevent homelessness. A partner organisation is any organisation which is assisting the local authority in tackling and preventing homelessness (ibid 12). It may be funded by the Local Authority to help in preventing and tackling homelessness. In addition it heap also be any organisation where the Local Authorities can refer people for assistance to prevent homelessness and these include voluntary organisations and independent organisations for housing advice under s.179(1) of the 1996 Act. The Salvation Army is one of the voluntary organisations (faith based) that provide temporary accommodation to prevent homelessness.The Green melodic theme Independence, Well-being and Choice Our Vision for the Future of Social Care for Adults in England (DoH, 2005) and the White Paper Caring for People (DoH, 1989) recognise assessments as key to any methods of intervention and good caution for people. Assessments were carried out to identify the causes of homelessness, the persons history, entitlement to services, needs (medical, social and psychological), while a risk assessment was carried in all assessments in order to protect the service user from risk of self harm (suicide, intravenous drug use, substance misuse, financial abuse etc). According to Parker and Bradley (200611), a risk assessment is th e likelihood of certain outcomes, whether positive or negative, occurring under certain circumstances or dependent on decisions made. It was important to carry out a risk assessment to hit the likelihood of people repeatedly becoming homeless, as some would return within three months to the centre. As such, a risk assessment sought to establish the best method of dealing with the presenting situation to reduce repeat homelessness, and where homelessness was attributed to drug and alcohol misuse, gambling, etc, the likelihood of that happening again was assessed before appropriate intervention methods were go throughed. However, Webber (2009) argue that risk assessment in social work (and this can also be applied to community work) is laden with assumptions while wanting scientific thoroughness which can trey to rationing and excluding some service users. In particular I found that in some cases risk assessment led to the exclusion of some service users whose homelessness was see n as voluntary. maven can argue that is being judgemental and not in-line with an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice (Dominelli 2006). However, in the same intimation as risk assessment led to exclusion of service users, it also helped to identify those at risk of harm (physical and emotional) as a conduct of homelessness.After identifying risks, an assessment of needs was also carried out to identify the needs of the person, such as shelter (which would be the reason for coming to the centre), financial needs and those who were eligible to receive social security benefits would be referred to the Job Centre and/or Social Services department for housing benefit. In addition, those who were homeless because of debt would be referred to national debt agencies to device ways of alleviating the debt. Others would have lost their jobs, which led to repossession of houses or eviction. Those with medical needs were referred to specialist services. In summary, I found the r ole of carrying risk assessments and assessments of needs very educative while I also applied theory into practice while I assumed a managerial role (commissioning services and signposting). In addition, liaising with other agencies improved my intercourse skills, advocacy skills and negotiating skills, all skills which are vital to effective community practice.Skills required by community workers include community organisation, administration, social planning, social action and social development so that citizens can become active in their own environments (Hardcastle et al 2004). The model of intervention used with homelessness is that of empowering individuals to become self reliant and self sufficient. Social planning composite liaising with other external agencies such as the Coventry City Council, refuge Centre, Job Centre and Social Services to help clients to get houses, social security benefits, as well as to help clients get jobs. My duties of organize services and sign posting service users to these external agencies were part of social planning, organisation and action.One of the most intervention methods used at the centre is crisis intervention. According to Jackson-Cherry and Erford (2010), a crisis intervention involves providing emergency psycho-social care to assist individuals in crises situation to impact a balance to their bio-psycho-social functioning. Similarly, Wilson et al (2008) define a crisis as a breakdown or disruption in a persons usual pattern of, or normal functioning. Homelessness and losing a tenancy in most cases is a result of long-term crises, and individuals respond to crises by striving to master(prenominal)tain their labyrinthine sense through using their act mechanisms (Jackson-Cherry and Erford, 2010). In addition crises can wind where problems persist and the precipitating events are threatening, and usual coping mechanisms fail to work (Wilson et al 2008). An analysis of some of the people who came to use the centre showed that they were deprivation through crises such as financial, debt, unemployment, domestic violence, which affected usual coping mechanisms in others. In addition, losing a house can also lead to a crisis and affect the individuals coping mechanism. In a situation of homelessness caused by a crisis, or leading to a crisis, the role of a community worker is to solve the immediate crisis by offering shelter while looking for long term solutions (Wilson et al, 2008), which in turn leads to solution focussed intervention discussed below. Crisis intervention involves carrying out an assessment to identify needs, make referrals and implement a treatment plan or solution (Roberts, 2005). However, as already argued above, not all cases presented as crises were offered appropriate intervention, such as the case with asylum seekers, families, and people below the ages of 18 and above the age of 65, who were referred to other agencies.In addition to crisis intervention, solutio n focussed intervention method was also used at the Salvation Army hostel. Solution focussed intervention is change oriented, and encourages service users to find solutions to their problems (Wilson et al 2008). Solution focussed works by placing the responsibility on the service user ( sanction), providing them with tools to identify the achievement of their crises, and where they are in the crisis. Gamble (1995) cited by Hardcastle et al (2004) argued that community practice involves using empowerment-based interventions to strengthen participation in democratic processes, assist groups and communities in advocating for their basic needs and organising for social justice. Bidding for accommodation, job search, referring service users with drug and alcohol problems to Recovery Partnership were some of the solution focussed methods of intervention provided on the model of empowerment. In addition to finding solutions as a tool for problem solving, the Salvation Army also uses perso n-centred intervention method which sees the client as unique thereby requiring unique intervention. Person centred care (PCC), was developed from Carl Rogers person centred counselling (Nay and Garratt 2004). It promotes building relationships between client and professionals, which is empowering as it seeks to put the individual at the centre of their care (Wilson et al, 2008 Nay and Garratt, 2004). The project workers at the Salvation Army recognise that homeless people are individual people with different needs, and not a homogeneous community, thusly support is tailored to meet individual needs.The report critically analysed the main functions of the Salvation Army hostel for the homeless. As a student I felt that although the faith-based centre is doing its best to help homeless people, the SA has diverted from its schoolmaster ethos of helping people in need regardless of race and creed, and this was storied especially with the way asylum seekers are turned away because of their immigration statuses. The role of the Church and philanthropists in helping the need and the poor has its root before the Reformation, when welfare assistance to the needy was provided by the Church, based on the seven corporal works of mercy (the thirsty must be given drink, the hungry to be fed, the naked to be clothed, the sick visited, the prisoners visited etc) (www.victorianweb.org) through to the Elizabethan unforesightful Laws (1601), when the church provided relief to people through its parishes (Payne 2002). However, because the Salvation Army gets most of its funding from the Local government, this limits what it can do as a church.Implications for practice.In relation to providing shelter to people between the ages of 18 to 65, one can argue that this is ageism (Dominelli 2006) because it assumes that people below 18 and over the age of 65 cannot become homeless. Ageism does not promote anti-discriminatory practice, and it is also oppressive (Dominellie 2006). In contrast The Employment Equality (Repeal of retreat Age Provisions) Regulations 2011 abolishes the retirement age of 65 days, which means that the government recognises that people can still be active after 65 years of age. The centre also views homelessness from a gender point of view by allocating 75 of the rooms to men and leaving only five to women. This is based on the assumption that men are more likely to bear their homes especially through domestic violence (perpetrators of domestic violence) yet there is increasing evidence suggesting that there are also male victims of domestic violence (Shupe et al, 1987) . In addition to homelessness, single women are also likely to lose their homes for the same reasons that men lose their homes (such as unemployment, drug and alcohol misuse, gambling etc).The report highlighted that there is no family unit at the Salvation Army in Coventry, while Leamington has only one family unit. Under the up-to-date economic climate, many famili es are losing homes due to repossession of houses and unemployment.As such it is also possible to have families becoming homeless. During my placement I witnessed whole families being turned away because of lack of facilities to accommodate families. One can also argue that by not having family units, the system views single people as more likely to become homeless. This issue of separating families was also practiced during the Poor Laws Amendment 1834, when families were separated in workhouses to punish the undeserving poor.For continuity of care the Salvation Army must continue to work in partnership with GPs, Community Psychiatrists and other health professionals during the recovery pathway so that people do not relapse when they return to the community. In terms of workloads, the project workers were allocated at least 10 service users each. In relation to time, comprehensive assessment to identify risks and needs, this workload was viewed by most workers as unmanageable, espe cially when allocated to service users with complex needs (accommodation, medical, drug and alcohol misuse, access to benefits etc). This also rock-bottom the time of building rapport with clients (Trevithick 2000 and 2005) for effective intervention methods.The placement provided me with a forum to apply theory to practice, including relevant theoretical intervention methods, correspondence policy and legislation, as well as exposing me to the challenges faced by community workers when they work with people towards individual and community development strategies. I also gained an insight into social and health inequalities leading to homelessness and how these impact on peoples lives. My communication and interviewing skills were also enhanced (Trevithick, 2000 and 2005) as I spoke to different service users and professionals. Working with external agencies improved my team working skills (ibid). Values of a community worker include ability to empathise, to work in a non-judgemen tal manner, to be patient as well as to promote empowerment through social justice.ConclusionThe conclusions to be drawn from the above report and analysis of the role of the Salvation Army with homeless people in Coventry are that the church and the voluntary sector play a significant role in the provision of welfare to citizens. However, there is also need to reform some of the Salvation Armys policies to address issues of ageism, gender, challenge subjection especially with asylum seekers, and become inclusive to women and families who become homeless. Recruitment of volunteers can also be encouraged to reduce workloads. While the methods of intervention may be appropriate, however, assessments are not needs led but resource led, which makes it difficult for project workers to fulfil their roles to promote social justice.

Service Quality In Restaurants

go Quality In RestaurantsBy conducting a literary works review, the reader gets a bankrupt understanding of the question in hand. run to LeCompte et al(2003,p.124), conducting a literary harvest-tideions review is a means of demonstrating an authors enjoyledge round a point field of study, including vocabulary, theories, key variables and phenomena, and its methods and history.The investigate question which is addressed is dish out tint in eating places, to which the literature review would accent to wherever necessary, with wide argonas of returns feel in general existence looked into. attend Quality is non only an object of wide interest among organizations, but also is a upshot that is widely discussed by researchers. Since it doesnt possess characteristics such as mathematical products do, card proceeds attribute has never been easy to define. Researches view proposed contrary characteristics in cost of its dimensions, but few prevail been employ . angiotensin-converting enzyme of the more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less widely employ illustration is base on the similarity between the expectations and scholarships of the client round an organizations re organic evolution. Parasuraman et al.(1985) arrive atd a puzzle to mea authoritative aid tint c tout ensembleed the spread head Model. This was posterior functiond as a basis for creating the SERVQUAL model which is a 22-item descale apply to measure overhaul look. It had a great impact on later works and evolved as one of the predominant tools to be apply across organizations. Restaurant is a field where SERVQUAL is employ extensively for standard their emolument lineament. In the following section, the overhaul select literature is explained in detailed and later on, its linkage to the eating house industry is looked into.1. supporter tonicityThe profit centering literature argues that guest satisfaction is the result of a nodes percept ion of the value received, where value equals perceived avail gauge intercourse to equipment casualty (Hallowell, 1996, p. 29).1.1 DEFINITION OF SERVICEIn ordinate to understand what helping Quality is, it is essential that the bound Service is define. Grnroos(2001) claims that dish outs be processes and not fleshly entities or rock-steadys, and that help firms gravel processes that interact or else than products. harmonise to Stromgren(2007, p.12) , a function is an activity or series of activities of a some(prenominal) or less intangible nature than normal, but not necessarily , take place in the interaction between the guest and supporter employees and/or physical resources or goods and/or systems of the process provider, which atomic number 18 provided as solutions to the customer problems.1.2 DEFINITION OF toneThere ar plenty of definitions of harmonyal note that are prescribed by different authors. correspond to Juran(1988), tone of voice bath manner be defined as the fitting to the think use of the entity and thitherby meeting the expected standards. In the case of an entity not fitting its intended use and expectations, the customers cornerstone bill it as of poor part. Crosby(1979) prescribed gauge as conformance to requirements Garvin(1988) found internal and external failures of the entity and measured prime(prenominal) by the count of the failures. However, Parasuraman et al(1985) claims that fiber housenisternot be defined use a product- found approach when dealing with helping sectors and hence came forward with the term Service Quality.Considering that my research topic and questions is based on aid quality, the explanation provided by Parasuraman et al(1985) is utilize.1.3 DEFINITION OF SERVICE QUALITYThe concept of service quality and its theories and practicality has been considered very authoritative by the academics and practitioners everywhere the past few decades because it acts as a chief co ntributor to customer satisfaction and profit business leader (Parasuraman et al,1985). Thus service quality has become as most-valuable factor for all organizations that essential to survive in a competitive market. The definition of service quality as conceptualized in miscellaneous literatures on service, centres on the quality perceived, and is defined as the judgement made by the customer intimately an entitys overall excellence or superiority (Parasuraman et al., 1988). In accordance with the finding of Ghobadian et al(1994),service mostly has four characteristics which are different from manufacturing goods. The four characteristics are described at a lower placeInseparability of production and usance This characteristic of services refers to the fact that production and consumption of service is inseparable as they are in reach out with distributively other (Parasuraman et al.,1985). The service provider in turn becomes an important fixings of the service and is assessed by the consumers (Zeithaml et al., 2003). In the process, the consumers become co-producers of the service (Edvardsson,2005). In the service industry, the producers create the services which simultaneously involve its consumption. There is no room for complacency and quality shortfalls cannot be covered at this point. To illustrate, the service is being constructed at the same cartridge clip that the customer is receiving it.Intangibility Services are fundamentally intangible which means that it is impossible for the customers to physically see, smell or touch the product before the purchase is made. Services can easily be copied as a result of intangibility, because most of the services are not patented (Zeithaml et al.,2003). Intangibility results not only in encumbrance to manage services, but it becomes hard for the consumers to evaluate(Lovelock et al.,2004). Hence, the customer turns to other alternatives such as obvious signs of quality such as reputation, physica l tangibles, and word of mouth from previous users. In services, word of mouth and reputation absorb the most importance, and thus drives the service provider to deliver services right and flawless, the beginning time.Perishability Service cannot be inventoried for later use which means that it impossible to have a final check give care manufactured goods. According to Zeithaml et al.(2003), elaborated planning has to be made to manage services, as they cannot be resold or re-inventoried. Hill(1977,p.318), in his article, look ups that services can be seen as a modify in the condition of a person, or of a good be to both(prenominal) economic unit, which is brought about as the result of the activity of some other economic. Another dimension to this was added by Lovelock et al.(2004) that stated that goods could be more complex to manage as the cost are incurred for its storage. So, service operations must get the right service first time.Heterogeneity It involves service c onsistency and accuracy. Due to the fact that lecture of service usually involves a contact between provider and consumer, thus the behaviour of service provider can influence the perception of the customer. Moreover the accuracy of the development and the ability to interpret customers expectation correctly has a great influence on customers perception of service quality. However, expectations may change during livery process. For this reason, service providers have to rely heavily on the ability of their staff to understand customers film and respond in a sui evade way.Service can be split into twain dimensions, the functional quality and the expert quality (Gronroos,1984). The technical quality essentially deals with what or what service is provided and functional quality deals with how or how the service is delivered. Another conceptual model which was brought forward by Lehtinen et al. (1991) comprises of physical, synergistic and corporate qualities of an organization. Interactive quality deals with the overall interaction of the customers with the elements of the firm. Corporate quality deals with the image customers have about the firm. Physical quality deals with the physical good which is consumed during a service process, aliment at a eating house for prototype and also the physical elements which make up the facilities of the restaurant. Going further of late into the service quality literature, Parasuraman et al. (1985) used 10 dimensions to explain service quality which were tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, courtesy, credibility, competence, access, communication, security and understanding. This model was later slued to a scale of 5 dimensions after a process of reliability and validity testing (Parasuraman et al. , 1988).2. guest LOYALTYThe satisfaction of the customers is one of the master(prenominal) aims in either business, the restaurant business in this case. Businesses recognize that maintaining current customers is much easier than winning over current ones to replace the loss (McColl-Kennedy Schneider, 2000). It is mandatory for restaurants to strategize their services to suit the dynamical dining claims and lifestyles of customers, if they have to increase loyalty from customers. (Min et al,2002). Individuals dining expectations have evolved over the years due to changing hearty environment, bump education, the development of culinary culture, healthy dieting awareness and cultural influences(Markovic, S .et al ,2010 p.182). According to Wishna (2000), customers, in future, would expand their dining horizons to a new level. They would require new experiences to pay off their ever-changing requirements.Probably the most extensively debated topic about service quality field is the constructs of service quality and the link customer satisfaction (Johnston,1995). galore(postnominal) researches have come to a finis that they are two different entities but the relation between the two entities is still questioned(Cronin et al.1992). Parasuraman et al(1988,p16), suggested that perceived service quality is a global judgement, or attitude, relating to the superiority of the service, whereas satisfaction is related to a specific transaction. Parasuraman et al(1995) identify from their research that satisfaction is clearly linked to each specific transaction. They also mention that customers may be satisfied with the particular transaction but superpower not identify the firm as a utmost quality one.On one hand, in that location are other researches which support the purpose that customer satisfaction is an antecedent of service quality(Bitner,1990). Bolton et al.(1991) suggest that satisfaction is derived from disconfirmation and becomes an important factor which influences customers sight of the service quality. However, recent researches claim that service quality is the antecedent of satisfaction, in opposition to the arguments from the earlier works. Accordi ng to Zeithaml et al(2003) states that tour customer satisfaction is a broader concept, service quality is a component that comprises of customer satisfaction along with other components which includes price, product quality, personal factors and situational factors.3. SERVICE QUALITY MODELSThe use of technology can provide an organization with the needed pull to enhance its service quality. There are several conceptual models of service quality available, which helps the steering in identifying quality issues. By making sure these issues do not re-surface, it increases the possibility of improving the organizations profitability, efficiency and overall surgical operation ( Parasuraman et al,1988).3.1 THE transgress MODELService quality, un a deal(p) goods quality, cannot be measured in terms of the number of defects. It is an elusive component which is difficult to measure ( Parasuraman et al,1988). In their earlier research in 1985, Parasuraman et al. identified that service quality rises from the comparison of the expected quality and the perceived quality of service performed. They explored the concept of service quality by fetching focus group interviews. The conceptual model which was identified as a result of the research consisted of quint gaps in the desired service.The first four gaps is part of the perceptions and line of works in providing services, by the management. The fit gap is the overall expectations from the customers. They formed a new service quality model which was based on the gaps between the expected and perceived quality. This is cognise as the violate Model. Fig 1. Illustrates the model.The five Gaps that were identified are ( Parasuraman et al., 1985) cognition crack, Standards GAP, Delivery GAP, Communications GAP.GAP 1 The Knowledge GAP is the difference in the level of expectation of the customer and the organizations perceptions of the customers expectations. In some cases, the management fails in understanding w hat the customers want. The dimensions identified by the management as important and which constitutes good service might not be the things that the customers look for.GAP 2 The Standards GAP is the difference in organizations perceptions of the customers expectations and the service quality standards. The management find it difficult to deliver services check to the customers expectations due to lack of resources or other conditions which are not favourable. But they understand what the customers want.GAP 3 The Delivery GAP is the difference between the organizations service delivery and its related communication with the customer. Staff performance towards delivery of the service plays a huge part in the customers perception of the service quality. But it can be in consistent, even though the standards are specified. The quality of service delivery can be affected due to variability among providers.GAP 4 The Communications GAP is the difference between the organizations servi ce delivery and the communicated information about the service to the customers. This gap occurs when a firm fails to deliver the promised services. The consequences of overpromising in that the expectations of the customers are high and when the actual service is received, their perceptions of service quality sink.GAP 5 Overall experience of the service is the main point of focus here. The first four gaps form the perception of service that the customers receive whereas the one-fifth gap stands for the customers expectations compared to their perceptions, ie their view on the service quality.The diagram is illustrated in Fig 1.Fig.1 The GAP ModelThe GAP model is the most widely used and is one of the most important contributions to service quality literature (Brown et al. 1995). Gaps 1 to 4 shows how the service is delivered, while Gap 5 depicts the overall difference between the expected and perceived service with respect to the customer. Gap 5 is the most influential in the SERV QUAL model (Parasuraman et al, 1985).3.2 SERVQUALMeasuring the quality of services in a restaurant is a daunting task as both the service outcome and service delivery is to be assessed. According to Wu et al. (2009), service fulfills in restaurants comprise of three components environmental elements (e.g. design, music,lighting), employees (e.g. pro skills, reliability) and customers (e.g. interaction with other customers). Environmental elements consist of the design of the restaurant interiors, the music being played and the lighting which is used. Employees form the core part of the service which helps to perform the service. To understand all characteristics of the restaurant service quality an earmark measurement legal document should be developed.SERVQUAL is an instrument that is used to assess the customers perception of the service quality of a service. It is a multi-scale instrument, which took its shape from the GAP model originally, and later was developed further in the 1980s. The instrument contains two sections. One section consists of 22 items that measure consumers expectations. The other section includes 22 synonymic items that measure consumers perceptions of the service they received. The 22 statements represent the five service dimensions that consumers use to evaluate service quality tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy (Markovic, S., 2010, p.183).According to Parasuraman et al. (1988),Tangibles Comprises of physical settings, the equipment used and the appearance of the employeesReliability the ability of the employees to deliver the promised level of service reactivity the ability of the employees to be willing to help out the customers and serve customers without any delayAssurance is the level of knowledge the employees possess and their courtesy towards the customers, unneurotic with their ability to build trust and express their confidenceEmpathy is the providing of individualized forethought to the cu stomers and be caring towards them.In SERVQUAL, the service quality measurement is based on the comparison of customers expectations and their perceptions of delivered service. The difference between expectations and perceptions scores is called the SERVQUAL gap. A electronegative gap indicates that received service did not met customers expectations. On the contrary, a absolute gap indicates that customers perceived that service delivery exceeded their expectations.SERVQUAL is used as an instrument to diagnose an organizations weaknesses and strength in terms of service quality and debunk them. It creates a systematic, multi-stage process that is based on the dimensions identified and entities which correspond to that organization (Zeithaml et al., 1988). It can be used in businesses of any kind and provides a basis structure owing to its expectations-perceptions model, comprising statements for all the five different dimensions.3.3 LIMITATIONS OF SERVQUALMany organizations have used SERVQUAL for measuring their service quality with considerable descend of success, although there have been certain problems which have been identified. These problems are Dimensions of the model Parasuraman et al.(1991) claimed that the five dimensions is SERVQUAL used to assess service quality can be used in all service contexts. However there were differences in opinion among other researchers. Buttle(1996) argued that the dimensions change with respect to numbers and the factors as SERVQUAL is used in different service contexts. According a research conducted in a retail setting by Finn et al.(1991), SERVQUAL dimensions are not generic. Babakus et al.(1992) noted that the dimensions can be simple or complex depending on the type of industries it is used in. A major argument to Parasuraman et al. was by Carman(1990), where he did not agree with the combining of the 10 original dimensions to five as he thinks the collapsed dimensions could have been important in certain ar eas and hence should be looked into as a separate dimension.Expectation of the service Expectation in a service context essentially means the desired level of service that a customer would like to receive ( Parasuraman et al., 1988). It is the minimum level of service quality that the provider should provide. But due to the ambiguous nature, it can be construe in different ways. While some may rate expectations check to their expected ideal or optimal performance, others may rate it as a minimum tolerable performance (Teas,1993).Issues with GAP scores The high rating of expectations by customers in the SERVQUAL setup leads to negative scores which at a time start questioning the analytical utility and interpretation of the concept (Smith, 1995). cognitive process Focus According to Buttle(1996), SERVQUAL deals with only the process or the method by which services are delivered but not the quality of the final getup that is provided. When service quality is assessed, both proc ess and output should be used in SERVQUAL as both together can give the expectancy of the choice that the customer would make rather than one without the other(Richard et al.,1993).Pricing worth plays an important role in determining the customers expectations and perceived quality(Smith,1995). He states that according to some customers, excellent food service comes with high price while lower prices are associated with restaurants which are targeting a lesser market. Hence, according to Smith(1995), price should be considered when measuring service quality.SERVQUAL is only one of those instruments which is used in measuring service quality. And going by the words of Asubonteng et al.(1996), until a model which is capable of reveal measurement evolves, SERVQUAL will be dominant. I am using SERVQUAL as the tool to measure service quality in the restaurants I am focussing on.4. SERVICE QUALITY IN THE eating house INDUSTRYExpectations are defined as what the customer beliefs of th e service that would be provided and is the main standard against which the actual performance is measured (Zeithaml, V. and Bitner, M., J. 2003). There are five types of expectations of the customers- (i) minimum tolerable expectations (ii) acceptable expectations (iii) experience-based norms (iv) normative should expectations (v) ideal expectations(Zeithaml, V. and Bitner, M., J. 2003)According to Garvin(1987), the common attributes of service quality are Performance, features, conformance, aesthetics, reliability, durability, serviceability and perceived quality. Parasuraman et al. (1990) developed a five-dimensional framework of service quality which consisted of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy to analyse service quality. However, Gronroos (1990) came up with a framework of his own which consisted of six elements in measuring the perceived value of services. These are explained in Table 1.There are many factors that may influence customers assessmen ts of restaurant quality. Previous researches suggested that food quality, physical environment and service are the major components of overall restaurant service quality (Dulen 1999 Susskind Chan 2000). Among these attributes, food quality is the most important dimension of the restaurant experience (Sulek Hensley 2004). What is more, it is an essential requirement to satisfy the needs and expectations of restaurant customers (Peri 2006). Although there is no consensus on the individual attributes that constitute food quality, the researchers focus on presentation, healthy options, taste, freshness and temperature (Namkung Jang 2008).Several studies have cited the importance of service quality for customer satisfaction with a service encounter (Stevens et al. 1995 Qu 1997). Additionally, in restaurants settings, service quality is an important determinant of customer satisfaction (Kim et al.2009) and return plan (Kivela et al. 2000).Stevens et al. (1995) developed an instrument called DINESERV which was based on the SERVQUAL. It was created to measure the perceptions of the customers about the restaurants service quality. It was used by many as a very authoritative and simple tool for finding out the customers view on service quality. It consisted of 29 items, which fell into the five service quality dimensions. It is used in assessing different types of restaurants. Through the findings, it is known that the customers give the highest priority to reliability. Further researchers like Heung et al.(2000) have identified that the customers expectations vary depending on the restaurants. They used DINESERV to compare and line certain restaurants at an airport and found out that the expectations vary with different restaurants.However none of the tools have included food quality as a possible dimension. According to Andaleeb et al.(2006), SERVQUAL should include food quality as a service quality dimension as food quality covers the entire section of food se rvice attributes. This was supported by Namkung et al.(2007) who precious the importance of food quality in measuring service quality as they identified in their research that it was the main factor which influenced customer satisfaction. They claim food quality constitute of presentation, variety, healthy options, taste, freshness and temperature(Namkung et al., 2007).Against this backdrop, the main aim of the research, the use of technology in improving service quality in restaurants is looked into.5. USE OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGY IN RESTAURANTS TO AID SERVICE QUALITYThe use of technology is increasing in all aspects of the restaurant industrys operations and management. applied science is traditionally viewed as the key component in industries. In recent years, technological developments have acted as the key particle accelerator in improving service operations and providing the customers with enhanced experiences at restaurants.According to Berry(1995), technology should be used as a servant rather than acting as the master. It should be used to add value to the service suffered to the customers, not to completely replace the role of service. Technology offers a better method of performing the service, which eventually benefits the firm, the customers and the employees. It provides a better image to the firm, better dining experiences to the customers and varied and easy way of performing service, to the employees. To cite an example, McDonalds, the string of restaurants maintain their business by deploying simple technologies to aid services. Devices like food timers and vegetable cutting machines are used to maintain the consistency of various products.When the management considers the type of technology to be adopted, they should also take into account, the response of the customers to it, apart from the expenses and benefits that the restaurant might face. It is worthwhile to note that, a new technology will not be of significance if it does not sati sfy the customer.By using technology, it benefits both the customers and the restaurant management.5.1 Benefits to customersImproved contrivance The term service convenience deals with the desired time and effort the customers are stool to invest in dining out. An increase in service convenience is directly related to an increase in customer satisfaction (Holdern et al., 2008). Technology can be used to improve access convenience which deals with the sexual intercourse ease with which an order can be placed, transaction convenience which deals with travel up the payments and benefit convenience which deals with compulsory the pace of their time at the restaurant (Dixon et al.,2009).Increased control Control is defined as the need todemonstrate ones competence, superiority, and masteryover the environment( Hui et al., 2002). From past researches, it has been proved that customers feel more satisfied when they feel they have substantial control over their service encounter( Ar iely et al., 2000). Hence, when implementing new technologies, it is important to choose such that the majority of the control the service encounters remains with the customer.5.2 Benefits to the restaurant managementService speed Increased speed of service can lead to more satisfaction and higher revenues, as more customers can be served. This is where use of technology steps up. The time taken for taking orders, communicating the orders to the kitchen, managing the tables, transaction times can all be reduced by the use of technology. Hand-held electronic devices like ipad and HP touchpad are widely used in restaurants. Orders taken through these devices can be directly sent to the electronic display card in the kitchen, so that there is no delay between taking the order and food preparation, which speeds up the service, and eventually better customer satisfaction. The tables in the restaurant can be managed by using advanced table managing softwares that are prevalent these da ys. This can help in effectively controlling queuing. transactions and payments can be made faster by using handheld credit card machines at the table to ensure there are no delays. While faster service always leads to better satisfaction, it should be managed properly so that the customers must not feel the vox populi that they are being rushed through the service.Reduction in do work cost- Usage of technology helps in lessen cost incurred due to ample number of staff. Usage of self-service booth and online and off-line reservations help reduce labor charges. Also, kitchen equipments like automatic dishwasher, plate warmer helps reduce costs incurred for staffs.A steady increase in volume and revenue A new trend in the modern restaurant industry is to create attractive websites and create their own accounts in various social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter. Customers can access information from these pages and can also subscribe to updates from these restaurant s about the latest offerings, menu and special events if any. Online reservations provide the restaurants with a separate contrast which makes the restaurant feel more accessible and also through which customers can be attracted. Previous researchers have found out 59% of the restaurants which uses online reservations encounter a steady increase in sales(Lang,2006). Other research identified that customers even make online reservations even during hours outside the working hours of the restaurant, which means the restaurants are capturing business during periods which they normally did not expect to( Layton, 2006 Ross, 2006).Improved service and product Technology if used appropriately, can aid restaurants to provide improved and consistent service to customers. Past researches have shown that an increase in the perceived product quality and service quality have led to an increase in the restaurants profit and better customer satisfaction ( Rust et al.,1995).The areas in a restaur ant where technology are used can be divided into five section, namely(Dixon et al.(2009))Queue managementMenuInternet-based contentKioskTransactionsThe usage is depicted in a tabular form in the next page.CategoryTechnology usedRelevanceQueue charge1.Table management software2.Pagers given to the customers3.Hand-held order-taking devices while waiting in the standPagers alert the customers seated in the waiting area when their table is attainHand-held devices help to take the orders from the waiting customers and transfer it directly to the kitchen so as to minimize the delay of food preparationMenuvirtual(prenominal) menus available online which contains details of the nutritional valuesVirtual menus available at the tableCustomers can decide on the menu when gild online based on the nutritional valueCustomers seated at a table gets to know the content of the food and its nutritional values before orderingInternet-based contentOnline table and food reservation systemWebsites to connect to the customers about new offers, special discounts and new items on the menuAccounts on social networks to create a sense of belonging to the customersOnline ordering helps in reducing the waiting time for food at the restaurantCustomers get to know the latest happenings at the restaurant and understand the new things on offerUrges customers to become part of the restaurants online familyKioskOrdering food through kioskMaking payments through kioskOrdering through kiosk helps the customers to order through a touch screen device, without other staff contactMaking payments using kiosks add the personal touch to each customerTranscationsPayment using hand-held credit card machines,SMS and NFC(Near-field communication)Makes payment much faster than the traditional cash or taking-card-to-counter methodTable 1 Usage of existing technology(Dixon et al.200

The Objective Of National Philosophy Of Education Education Essay

The Objective Of National philosophy Of culture grooming EssayThe national course of study of the enlighten reflects the objective of National Philosophy of Education in the ways of producing insan model. This is because the National Philosophy of Education is a string and a basis for our Malayan nurture system which is macrocosm conducted in Malaysia with rational opinions among the disciplines. This NPE encompasses several aspects such(prenominal)(prenominal) as analysis and implications towards our facts of behavior system.Analysis of NPE emphasises on t separatelyers which t from each oneers ar take in to study and interpret its limit in various factors such as religious, social, political, economy and so on. Moreover, instructors soak up to understand c atomic fare 18fully one by one the aims of the classs which ar to actualize nations aspiration to take a shit good quality students. Analysis of NPE consists of number of particles which is genuinely cruc ial to be implemented for both teacher and students. The first element of NPE is education is an on- divergence effort that acquires the transferring k instanterledge skills and noble values. Secondly is ab forth the phylogeny of individual potentials which emphasise on talents and potentials that should be nurtured and developed since in the schools. hold but not least, elements ab go forth producing knowledge equal Malayan citizens who are equilibrize with harmonic beingness. It stand be achieved through JERIS (physically, emotionally, spiritually, emotionally and socially) by big(a) full love for knowledge and be open-minded. Other elements resembling ho appointic and integrated information, belief and obedience to god and produce workmanlike Malaysian citizens are als included in NPE.Oxford dictionary defines curriculum as the undefendeds that are being taught to comprise a course of study in a schools or colleges. In spite of, curriculum covers all the experiences i ncludes tasks that were interpreted from young age until a soul abbreviate old. In Malaysia essential education context, primary curriculum had faced many changes in run to accomplish the mission and goals of national curriculum aspirations. Old old schooling Curriculum (KLSR), New Primary tame Curriculum (KBSR), Integrated Primary train Curriculum (KBSR) and Standard Primary naturalize Curriculum (KSSR) are the great examples of these changes.Old Primary School Curriculum (KLSR) was designed since independency Day. In 1961, Education Act 1961 became as a base of education system and Laporan Rahman Talib was established by former Minister of Education Abdul RahmanTalib in KLSR (Siti Atiqah Ali, 2010). Laporan Razak year 1956 was established to review back the policy of national education. The causa of establishing this curriculum is to strengthen unity and eradicate illiteracy. Moreover, clear objective of this KLSR is to go out that all students pass Bahasa Melayu by pro viding a systematic education. However, KLSR was repealed in 1982 because of the weakness. This happens callable to the subjects which were not related with separate subjects, emphasis on achieving rectitude materials and pedagogy was not emphasised the sympathy of behaviourism.In 1982, New Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) was conducted in 305 schools around Malaysia as trial basis for death penalty of new curriculum. The main goal of KBSR is to ensure the development of potential, integrated and balance according to JERIS (physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social). Thus, KBSR fully implemented in all schools in 1983 and 3M skills such as discipline, writing and arithmetic were fully developed including the resoluteness problems. New Primary School Curriculum was changed to Integrated Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) in 1993 (Hamidah Atan, cc9). The basic change was birth place in curriculum and school culture. For instance, local studies were replaced with Ma n and His Environment subject. The purpose of this subject is to provide students with knowledge, skills and values. Whereas, school culture was included about school environment, patriotism and integration. Meanwhile, development of KBSR was grounded under four principles and they were integrated approach, one education for all, holistic development of the individual and life-long victimizeing. Nevertheless, weaknesses of KBSR are excessive focus to get A in examination and not to impart knowledge, values and skills.Biggest transformation take place in the curriculum entitled Standard Primary School Curriculum (KSSR) in 2011 which incrementally in 500 schools. This is a way to unionize the development and the current demand for human capital on more(prenominal) quality time in line and sophisticated to make KBSR as a base of KSSR. Main objective of implementation KSSR is to enhance students 4M skills in studies such as reading, writing, arithmetic and reasoning and emphasize mor e on modelling curriculum to produce quality students. For example, lower primary schools for incline subject have four modules on listening and speaking, reading, writing and talking to arts. acquisition and Mathematics is the subject which teachers concentrate more. KSSR can describes as a beginning process of forming a holistic changes to the existing school curriculum involves changing the form, organization, content, pedagogy, time allocation, assessment methods, materials and management of school curriculum. Curriculum is in genuinelyity a guide for teachers to achieve goals and mission that have been tell in education policy in Malaysia. Changes in curriculum happen until now as a way to enhance the ability and skills of students to achieve in certain takes and to produce quality students for nation.Primary curriculum is biddinging a role in organising activities for students in schools according to NPEs elements.It are very burning(prenominal) for all schools to a rrange activities according to NPE. The purpose of organising such activities is to implement the octonary elements of NPE for both teacher and students. Implementation of eight elements is crucial in hallow to get the perfection and standardisation of curriculum among all schools in Malaysia and the return of activities are conduct in integrated manner. Hereby, it is to prepare students to face real life challenges when they complete their school life. Experiences that students gain from school go away be a good guide for them to face challenges at outside the world.A. call into question AND DEDUCT THE IDEALISTIC BELIEVE OF A HEADMASTERS AND A SENIOR ASSISTANTS routine REGARDING 5 ACTIVITIES CARRIED step to the fore IN THE SCHOOL TO VISUALIZE / INSISTS THE OBJECTIVE OF NPE.Ministry of Education states that activities which are being carried out in the schools must fulfil the elements of NPE in order to produce wellbeing students. According to the survey that I had conducted at Tamil medium primary school (SJK T Dengkil, Selangor), the headmaster mentioned that his school is organising activities which casts the of NPEs elements. These activities allow be conducted according to primary school curriculum development for little one from age 7 until 12 years. There are two character references of activities which are being conducting, one is school based activities and an different(a)(prenominal) one is class based activities especially for quarrel subjects.One of the best(p) example is Majlis Cemerlang UPSR (Ujian Peperiksaan Sekolah Rendah ). This program pull up stakes be held on January all year for students who achieved more than 3As in UPSR. This practise is headed by the headmaster of the school and teachers forget be the coordinators of this program. The main aim of this program is to reward students who contribute excellence results for the school and this pull up stakes be a source of motivation for early(a) students to achieve a bet ter result for upcoming years by being a role-model. Other than that, the headmaster in addition will slip away a talk on KSSR and as well as about the band systems for parents who encipher their children in year 1. This body process has hit the NPEs elements especially of producing knowledgeable and satisfactory students for nation with highschool moral standards. Even, program like this should be arrange in every schools as inspiration even though the schools do not have allocation from government to conduct such program like this.Second activity will be Sports Day. February will be a busiest month for all teachers and students for the preparation for the Sport day. Training sessions will be conducting every evening in order to train students to get the perfections on the activities which already plan by teachers. Four big groups will be formed for students during the actual day and each student need to contribute at least 1point for their group. Activities like 100 meter race, 200 meter race, shot roll and others will take place on sport day. On the actual day, president of PIBG (Persatuan Ibu Bapa Guru) and parents are invite to give supports for students to do better performances. Medals will be given for students who win for each and every activity. The implications from this sport day are to produce students with high sphere level and balanced according to JERIS (physically, emotionally, spirituality, intellectually and socially). Moreover, this activity will be a platform for students to nurture their hidden talents and to continue their achievement make headway. The selected students will re symbolise the school to participate in the higher level competitions like MSSD (Majlis Sukan Sekolah Daerah) which organise by Ministry of Education.On every May, the school will organise a program named Program Maju diri for school prefects and librarians to train the value of lead among students. Train the school leaders by implementing self discipli ne in them and develop well-mannered person together to contribute good report card of the schools. Activities like jungle trekking teach them the co-operation values among them without concerning about the race, skin twine and the status of a student. Thus, they will understand more about leaders and will realise that being a leader is not favorable because they need to face lot of challenges and obstacles in their real life. Even, this program prepares students to be future leader of Malaysia in future. This prevents students from involving unhealthy activities which will damage their life as a valuable citizen. NPE elements like developing potentials of a person who are responsible for(p) and capable to achieve the level of personal well-being is unfeignedly coinciding the scope of this program.Next activity is Perkhemahan Badan Beruniform which will be held during school holiday on May. This camping will be formulate by senior assistant of co-curriculum for 3 days and 2 wi ckedness at school and students will be selected from each uniformed bodies for participation. unalike level of activities will be conducted to test students ability and their employ with other students to bond a good relationship with other students. This program is really profitable for students because they can learn more about the purposes of joining such program like this and may share their experiences with other students. So, other students will have the interest to join the program on other time. NPE will be used as a base for this program in order producing generation of students with high vision by creating awareness and understanding of the organizational principles which allow students to learn through this program.cobblers lastly, school based activity which conducts by the school is acquaintance Fair. The activity really interesting when ready out about the students achievement that had made last year. October will be the month of Science where the science teacher s struggle hard to prepare experiments for each class according to levels such as lower and upper primary. In addition, the purpose of conducting school level Science fair is to give vulnerability on Science world and make up students mind that Science is really fun to learn by doing the experiments and it is not difficult if learn in a proper way. Teachers in this school will guide students to conduct the experiments and rewards will be given for the most interesting and successful experiments. Parents are invited because to give encouragement to students and to give clear picture about students who are being as a Science class minded. On November, the school will take part in National Science Fair which will be held in Kuala Lumpur and these students will get a chance to engage with other students which come from all over Malaysia as participator and learn more from there. According to the headmaster, last year this school win third place for the best and attractive experiment. From here can shut that, this school is preparing students as a future scientist by producing knowledgeable and competent Malaysian citizens according to NPE.B. EXPLAIN TEACHERS TEACHING ACTIVITIES THAT BEING FOCUSED / CARRIED OUT IN THE CLASSROOM TO ACTUALIZE THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM IN THE PORGRESS OF shape THE STDUNETS BEHAVIOUR AND BELIEVES.Successful education process can achieve when the teachers put efforts to make engagement between learning and syllabus. It only can be done through classroom activities and it is really significant for the development of students in the classrooms. Lesson plan is the guide for teachers to prepare activities for students and put varieties in order to produce fun learning environment.The most interesting classroom activity which carries out by teachers is by interpreting punt within the students for example online interactional game. Students get the chance to play games by themselves so that they can seek the needs of a game which rela ted to the content that teachers are going to teach. For example, ESL games mostly use for English language subject. Students can move further according to their level like lower level to medium level and higher level. This type of game will offer opportunities for students to improve their English language skills in a fun and interactive way. Other than that, game like word of the day create reading environment in the classrooms. This is because students need to bring a newspaper cut during lesson time and explore for speech that they do not know. After this, students need to search for the convey and construct a sentence according to the word. Students who collect more spoken communication will be the winner and will receive gift from the teachers. This type of activity gives encouragement for students to read a lot to find words and day by day they will practice their testify reading independently. Teachers and students are putting their on-going effort for excellent for pro ducing knowledgeable Malaysian which has stated in NPE.Moreover, role play or well known also stimulations can develop students communication skills. Teachers give guidance for students to develop lineament according to the humbug. For instance, do roles play about Snow White and septette Dwarf. Role play is one way of extending the range of purposes especially when students perceptiveness to get ideas to develop the sequences of the story. Role play areas often arise from the guinea pig that being undertaken by the class through participation. Students get wider experiences to support their engagement with others students while using signs, props, menus and so on. According to Browne (2009) this imaginative play area will be a valuable source of literacy activities by creating understanding about the theme of story. The schools teacher also states that this role play activity may build students confident level and bring them out from the feel of afraid when they need to talk in front of other members. High moral standards can be created among students to mould good behaviours and produce personal well-being as stated in NPE.Bees activity also being conducting in the classroom in different way such as spelling bee, speaking bee and others. The purpose of conducting such activity in the classroom is to ensure students to use their thinking skills during the lesson time. Even, students are able to make up their spelling and vocabularies level which can be used during examination time. The teacher said that this activity usually will be conducted in language classes like English and Malay. Teachers will come out with a list of vocabularies and ask students to memorize those words for the spelling bee which will be held every Tuesday for English classes and every Friday for Malay language classes. Students can create own initiative to modify their language proficiency that will be useful when they are complete their primary school level. In matter of NPE, tea chers are in mission of producing students for the betterment of family, society and nation. Producing knowledgeable Malaysian students in an integrated manner is conscious.Next activity is named as Lady Bird. This activity specially creates for students who known as sulky learners. This is one way of grabbing slow learners attention to study smart and give confidents that they also can be a good learner like the rest by do them to read. The way of conducting this activity is students will provide a text with number of question which goes on with the level like from easy to average and overly hard. Students need to search for key words on the text and high spot those key words to get answer for each question. Students like meteoric learner will be tutor for the slow learners so that they can easily be guided among their friends. After this session, slow learners are able to read within two months and showed an increase in every school test. This has been proven when this school produce a very least number of slow learners and even this will contribute in producing literacy nation for Malaysia.Last but not least, this school also has come out a with an activity called as self-access learning where the students need to do self learning in the classroom during independent learning period. Students need to read story books, find moral values which contain in those stories and need to present in the classroom during language subject. This is more to storytelling session which enables teachers to examine students pronunciation on certain words. Students also can make this activity as a platform to build their confident level to face other friends and also to speak out. Believe in god and on-going effort with high moral standards and responsibility really hit this activity according to NPE.In conclusion, the implication of NPE is really unique in producing a well-being of Malaysian for this nation. While, the implications of NPE on school culture are to ensure that teachers and students follow closely together, realize to give success for the aims and aspirations and basic consideration for reformation of think education routines and activities. Finally, NPE is very important either for teachers or students to have a very quality education level for all Malaysians students and teachers are being as aspiration source for their students in the schools. Thus, values like honesty, dedicatedly responsible and ambitious are needed to produce a capable achiever for this nation. The activities which has stated above is one way for moulding.

Health Promotion Proposal Reducing Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

wholesomeness Promotion Proposal Reducing fleshiness wellness And loving C atomic number 18 EssayThe plus in fleshiness has been identified as a major humanity wellness threat. It has been predicated by the Govern handst delegacy for Science hypermetropia that with step forward taking proceeding nearly 60% of the UK cosmos de fracture be rotund by 2050, which would cede serious m cardinaltary consequences for the NHS and the economy.1The ca utilizations argon complex and related to behavioural, friendly and purlieual factors therefore to trailer truck fleshiness a range of agencies and communities need to escape unneurotic to metamorphose the obesogenic nature of the topical anaesthetic anesthetic environment. build up opportunities to make well-grounded choices easier.Help those already grievous or at naughty risk of becoming round.This dodge provides a framework for local anaesthetic anaesthetic put to death and watchks toProvide an understanding of t he tip of the problem in the local race and sets goals.Provide manoeuverership by bringing together a multi agency group.Choose interjections that point has shown to be effective.enable observeing and evaluation.Build up local capacity via teaching. there is a snap on childhood overw ogdoad and fleshiness in line with government passports. This two class evidence based scheme will bring funding, the hails and resources required atomic number 18 provided in the exploit plan.2.0 The organisation2.1 The geographical atomic number 18a and raceTo make up the object population for this system, 90% of Prestons population and 15% of South Ribble were chosen, this is a population of approximately 150,000.Prestons wellness profile3 shows there be inequalities with nearly 40% of the occupiers lively in the most disadvantaged quintile. The percentage of children classified as fat is similar to the England fair. South Ribbles wellness profile4 shows slight than 5% of r esidents living in the most deprived quintile, child poverty and deprivation rates ar number 1, the percentage of children classified as obese is better than the England average. Preston has a barren minority Ethnic (BME) population of 15.5% which is greater than the England average, the largest majority being Asiatic (Indian the majority) or Asian British.3 South Ribble has a BME population of less than 5%.4To gibe the population had a range of accessible classes, age groups and ethnical groups, two of the most deprived wards of Preston (Ribbleton GL and Fishwick GB) total population 12,720 were replaced with 3 less deprived wards of South Ribble (Broad Oak GC, Kingsfold GL and Middleforth GU) total population 12,430, chaffer haoma 1. This ensured the target population for the purpose of this strategy was approx 1 d00 with mixed class, age and ethnicity. The geographical area for the purposes of this strategy is c aloneed Preston Ribble Council.Figure 1 Wards of Preston (A) and South Ribble (B) 5(A)(B) markSource http//www.lancashire.gov.uk2.2 health overtureAs part of Preston Ribble Council, the Health progress Team delivers a range of go and health campaigns designed to remediate the health and social welfare of the population of Preston Ribble.The health improvement police squad includes familiar health consultants and practitioners who work with the NHS, other organisations, the conscious sector and local trans follow through to provide education and formulation operate to empower residents of Preston Ribble to make muscular lifestyle choices.Health improvement and tackling inequalities is an integral part of Preston Ribble Councils Culture. All policies that fight back health improvement are evidence based. Partnership working is a necessity to deliver the health improvement agenda.3.0 obesity strategy organic evolutionObesity is a multi-faceted problem and therefore requires a multi-agency solution. A multi-agency Obesity Strat egy collection was set up with key partners from the Local Authority, NHS and the voluntary sector to develop this strategy. The group was lead by the Health remediatement teams consultant in public health. It sets out how partners and communities will work together to reduce obesity by taking into account the specific inevitably of the local population. This strategy will link in with other strategical plans to ensure tackling obesity is spunky gear on the political agenda of Preston Ribble Council.4.0 screen background4.1 Defining overweight and obesity weighty and obesity are limit utilise to describe excess body fatness which advise lead to adverse effects on health and social welfare.2 Overweight and obesity occurs when push button intake from nutrition and drink is greater than energy expenditure i.e. what is used by the body. The causes til now are much complex and related to behavioural, social and environmental factors.2The calculation of BMI body mass index (BMI=weight/(height)2) 30 kg/m2.is a widely accepted definition obesity. The human beings Health Organisation produced a classification of overweight adults based on BMI, see remit 1.Table 1 Classification of overweight adults.6Classification BMI (Kg/m2) essay of co-morbiditiesUnderweight Clinical problems increased)Normal weight 18.5 24.9 AverageOverweight 25Pre-obese 25 29.9 Increased fat class I 30.0 34.9 ModerateObese class II 35.0 39.9 SevereObese class II 40.0 in truth severeSource Obesity preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva. World Health Organisation, 2000 (WHO Technical Report Series, No 894) focal point create by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence now recommends the use of waist circumference in conjunction with BMI as the method of step overweight and obesity and determining health risks.7Because a childs BMI varies with age and sex, the BMI tag for children is related to the UK 1990 BMI gro wth reference charts.84.2 Obesity and HealthLife antepast is reduced in obesity cases by an average of three years, and in severe obesity cases (BMI 40) life expectancy is reduced by eight to ten years.9 It has been estimated that the cost to the UK economy from overweight and obesity was 15.8 meg per year in 2007, 4.2 billion of which were costs to the NHS.9Childhood obesityShort term risks mostly include emotional and psychological affects associated with being overweight through with(predicate) being teased by peers, resulting in low self abide by and depression. there are vaster term consequences as obese children are more likely to become obese adults, there are but some obesity related conditions such as grapheme 2 diabetes which seduce increased in overweight children.9Adult obesity prove has shown that adult obesity is associated with a range of health problems including those related to the musculoskeletal scheme because of the extra strain on joints circulatory s ystem e.g. coronary thrombosis heart disease and stroke metabolic and endocrine system e.g. instance 2 diabetes cancers such as breast and colon reproductive problems GI and liver disease and psychological and social problems.95.0 The scale of the problem in the UKWithin the last 25 years, the prevalence of obesity in the UK has more than doubled.1 The latest Health Survey for England (HSE) in 2009 showed that the proportion of obese men increased from 13% in 1993 to 22% in 2009 and from 16% of women in 1993 to 24% in 2009 i.e. more women are obese than men, there were however more overweight men (44%) than women (33%).10 The 2007 Foresight Report predicted that if no action were taken, by 2025 47% of men and 36% of women will be obese and Britain could be a mainly obese society by 2050, adding 5.5 billion annual cost to the NHS.1The rise in obesity among 2-10 year olds from 1 in 10 in 1995 to 1 in 7 in 2008 appears to be flattening out.10 There are however, still 1 in 5 children that are overweight or obese by the age of 3 years.11Rates of obesity are higher among some B omit and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities and also in dismantle socioeconomic groups.12 The latest Health Survey for England in 2009 also showed the link between obesity and deprivation, women in the impose income quintiles had a higher BMI and greater prevalence of obesity than those women in higher income quintiles, there was no apparent pattern in men,10 see Figure 2.Figure 2 Age-standardised prevalence of overweight and obesity by equivalised household income and sex.106.0 The scale of the problem in Preston Ribble Council.Using the prim be dent13 the selected population obesity and overweight prevalence and numbers were calculated, see auxiliary 1. The extent of the problem is summarised in Figure 3. There are an estimated 4511 children and raw passel who are classified as obese (BMI over 30), and a further 4580 who are classified as overweight (BMI between 25 and 30). There are an estimated 31993 adults who are classified as obese and a further 51821 who are classified as overweight. 22.9% of adult females and 26.8% adult males are obese.Figure 3 the extent of the problem in Preston RibbleObeseOverweightNormal weightAdultsBMI 40 n=2105*BMI 30-39 n=29888*BMI 25-30 n=51821*Children unexampled peopleBMI 40 n=69*BMI 30-39 n=4442*BMI 25-30 n=4580**NICE cost toolThe National Child evaluatement Programme (NCMP) introduced in 2005 sets to monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in Reception family and division 6. The table below presents the results for the local authorities of Preston and South Ribble compared to the uniting West and national averages.Table 2 Local prevalence of overweight and obesity among children for the Local Authorities of Preston and S.Ribble and for England 2009/10 and 2008/09 14ReceptionYear 6OverweightObeseOverweightObese2008/09Preston10.98.513.117.3S.Ribble11.56.815.616.3NW13.59.614.118.9England13.29.614 .318.32009/10Preston12.59.112.917.0S.Ribble15.38.514.018.0NW13.79.914.819.3England13.39.814.618.7Source http//www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/health-and-lifestyles/obesityThe table above shows an increase from 2008/09 to 2009/10 in Reception Year in the numbers of overweight and obese children in both Preston and S.Ribble. In Year 6 there was unspoiled an increase in obese children in S.Ribble. The targeted population for this strategy is Preston Ribble, as the population is 90% Preston and 15% South Ribble these increases are clearly a concern.A extend by Intelligence for reasoned Lancashire (Joint Strategic call for Assessment) on childhood obesity in Lancashire showed that measurements of year 6 pupils from the 08/09 NCMP dataset highlighted that crossways Lancashire there could be found extremes of weight (underweight and obese) in the most deprived areas and there was a link between higher levels of overweight and lower levels of deprivation.156.1 The local c ost of obesityUsing the NICE costing tool for the target population of Preston Ribble, the estimated savings from implementing NICE guidance is approximately 43,000 savings on prescriptions and 127,000 in GP contacts, see appendix 1. That is the current local cost to the NHS of not implementing NICE guidance for tackling obesity is approximately 170,000. There would be however entreeal costs with disease associated with overweight and obesity plus costs on the economy from daylights off work due to obesity and associated diseases and conditions.7.0 National Drivers and GuidanceReducing obesity is a national priority for government as highlighted in the recently published white paper Healthy Lives, Healthy People Our Strategy for public health in England.16 In January 2008, the government published the national obesity strategy Healthy Weight Healthy Lives.17 It highlighted the need for a long term come near and set out a new exoteric Service Agreement target for EnglandOur ambit ion is to be the first major nation to reverse the rising tide of obesity and overweight in the population by ensuring that e preciseone is able to achieve and maintain a rosy weight. Our initial focus will be on children by 2020, we aim to reduce the proportion of overweight and obese children to 2000 levels.17In 2006 Nice Guidance on Obesity was issued, this set out guidance on prevention, identification, judging and fightment of overweight and obesity in adults and children in England and Wales.7 In addition to the NHS the guidance was also aimed at non-NHS settings for example, local authorities, schools early years and employments and sets out recommendations aimed at these various settings. It was also highlighted that obesity cannot simply be turn to through behavioural reposition at individual level population based interventions are needed to swop the obesogenic environment of modern industrialised nations.7The Foresight Report, Tackling Obesity Future Choices (2007 ) highlighted that obesity is determined by a complex multifaceted system of determinants and that in the 20th century the ill-treat if technological revolution outstrips human evolution which has left an obesogenic environment.1 To tackle the complexities of obesity the report advocated using a multi agency or whole system approach. The report concluded that Preventing obesity requires changes in the environment and organisational behaviour, as well as changes in group, family and individual behaviour.18.0 Effective interventionsResearch highlighted in the Foresight report1 found that the top fiver policy responses which they valuateed as having the superlative average impact on obesity levels were change magnitude walkability/cyclability of the built environmenttargeting health interventions for those at increased riskcontrolling the availability of/exposure to obesogenic foods and drinksincreasing the responsibility of organisations for the health of theiremployeesearly life interventions at birth or in infancy. 19.0 The Local ApproachHealthy weight, respectable lives a cross government strategy for England17 and the accompanying Healthy weight, honorable lives a toolkit for emergence local strategies2 have been utilized to develop this strategy for Preston Ribble. It supports the governments recommended approach of focusing on five key themesChildren Healthy growth and salubrious weight. The stages of pre-conception, breast feeding, babe nutrition through to early years can shape outcomes and choices make in adulthood.18Promoting healthier food choices. backing the governments recommendation for progression of a rosy, balanced diet.Building material activity into our lives. Supporting the governments recommendation of promoting officious living throughout the life somatic body.Cr ingest incentives for better health. Promoting action for maintaining a healthy weight in the work through promotion of healthy eating choices and more opportuni ties for physical activity inside the workplace. personalized support for overweight and obese individuals. Providing clinical guard pathways to assess and manage overweight and obesity through effective weight management services.A life course approach has been used to assess the various stages of peoples lives where evidence has shown targeting interventions can be successful in preventing or treating overweight and obesity. This strategy uses universal population preventative approaches in addition to targeted interventions for those already obese or at high risk of developing. As evidence suggests peoples lives are shaped from very early years11,18 this strategy focuses on childrens health.To inspection and repair people overcome barriers to maintaining a healthier lifestyle and changing their behaviour, this strategy takes a combined approach as recommended in the Foresight Report1 that is using types of interventions that focus on the determinants of behaviour such as the en vironment and education, the second type of intervention focuses on the behaviour itself in those at risk.1 The strategy uses all 5 different approaches to health promotion, i.e. medical, behaviour change, education, empowerment and social change to tackle both the determinants and the behaviour itself.10.0 The Obesity Strategy Aim and ObjectivesThe overall aim of the strategy is to reduce obesity levels in the local population of Preston Ribble. The strategy has three strategic themes with objectivesChange the obesogenic nature of the local environment.Develop opportunities to make healthy choices easier.Help those already obese or at high risk of becoming obese.10.1 Change the obesogenic nature of the local environmentObjectives enchant public policyInfluence businesses to become healthy workplaces bend with communities to make active lifestyles easierAs planning and exile policy evolution can have huge effects on opportunities for activity indoors the local built environment , it is important that health issues such as obesity are considered in policy decisions, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) should produce part of policy training. As part of this strategys action plan HIA training will be rolled out to planning and transportation teams within the council..Foresight report1 found that one of the five policy responses which they assessed as having the greatest average impact on obesity was increasing the walkability/cyclability of the built environment. The report highlighted that residents of highly walkable neighbourhoods are more active and have slightly lower body weights than their counterparts in less walkable neighbourhoods, it was also highlighted how perceptions of social nuisances may increase the risks of obesity.1 Therefore key actions of this plan include interaction between environmental Health, lodgement, Police and communities to tackle social nuisances, set up community action teams and working with communities to empower and reassure residents.Community food growing initiatives have been recognized as providing benefits to suspensor tackle obesity, they can offer physical activity, increase food knowledge and give a better perceptiveness of food that helps them make healthier food choices, in addition they help create cohesive communities and social inclusion thereby reducing health inequality.19 Because of the potential health gain this strategy aims to set up some(prenominal) community horticultural projects targeting the most deprived areas likely to have high risk individuals.The beguile of the workplace on health of employees is well recognised and the Foresight report1 found increasing the responsibility of organisations for the health of their employees was one of the five policy responses which had the greatest impact on obesity. As part of this strategy the importance of this has been recognised and therefore a newly created health public assistance workplace officer will be recruited to promote and facilitate the information of healthy active workplaces promoting the national kick the bucketwell campaign20 a health and wellbeing workplace award scheme will be launched.10.2 Develop opportunities to make healthy choices easier.ObjectivesEnable young children to eat a healthy dietEnable adults and families to eat a healthy varied dietThe stages of pre-conception, breast feeding, infant nutrition through to early years can shape outcomes and choices made in adulthood.18 In Tackling obesity through the healthy child programme, a framework for action evidence is presented which strengthens the argument for focusing interventions in the very early years, it is highlighted that epidemiological studies have shown once obesity is established in a child it can continue into adulthood.11 The Foresight report1 found that one of the five policy responses which they assessed as having the greatest average impact on obesity was early life interventions at birth or in infancy. Therefore this strategy focuses on early years as they have been identified as critical opportunities for interventions in the life course, see witness 4.Figure 4 Critical opportunities for intervention in the life course of an individual 1Source Government Office for Science (2007) Tackling Obesity Future Choices, Foresight Report. http//www.bis.gov.uk/assets/bispartners/foresight/docs/obesity/17.pdfBreastfeeding can provide trade protection against obesity and related health problems in later life22 and that by breastfeeding mothers are more likely to return to their pre-pregnancy weight.23 It has been recommended by the WHO and the section of Health that breastfeeding should be encouraged for the first 6 months of life.24 This strategy includes actions to increase uptake of breastfeeding. twain parents and childcare providers have a role in ensuring children have healthy balanced diets. This strategy includes actions to help ensure healthy eating at childcare premises. A healthy eatin g award scheme for childcare will be launched to encourage and provide recognition to childcare providers.NICE guidance recommends a whole school approach to tackling overweight and obesity.7 Healthy weight healthy lives highlights the importance of schools in ensuring opportunities are provided for children to develop healthy eating habits. This strategy therefore supports Healthy Schools25 and also increasing the take away of school meals.National qualitative research commissioned by the Department of Health for the change 4 life campaign included cleavage of the population into 6 clusters, it was identified that 3 cluster types that were more at risk of obesity, Clusters 1 and 2 also had low income, these clusters each require specific key messages.26 See Figure 5. People on low incomes (Cluster 1 and 2 ) will be targeted as the Food Standards power low income and diet survey highlighted they had poorer diets due to several factors including a lack of cooking skills and knowled ge.27Figure 5 Department of Health Segmentation abbreviation 26Taking an educational approach to promote healthy food choices in the home this strategy will implement a piece of land of workshops designed for these high risk clusters to provide knowledge, practical skills and confidence to modernise healthy affordable food.As BME communities have also been identified as high risk of obesity, they will also be targeted for healthy eating workshops. As suggested in Healthy Weight Healthy Lives a toolkit for developing local strategies 2 to effectively engage BME communities, interventions will be culturally appropriate and group workshops will include sharing ideas how to make tralatitious meals healthy.The availability of affordable fresh food in deprived areas will also be address by this strategy, by introducing initiatives such as fruit and vegetable box schemes and food co-operatives which will promote local sustainable suppliers.10.3 Help those already obese or at high risk of becoming obeseObjectivesIdentify early those at high risk of overweight or obesity and direct towards appropriate interventionEnsure provision of and equal access to weight management services for those who want to loose weight.As the numbers of obese individuals is forecast to rise1 it is prevailing that services are in place to meet their needs and help individuals reduce and maintain a healthy weight. For those individuals already burdened with obesity or are at high risk of becoming, comprehensive care pathways for both adults and children will be developed using NICE guidance7,28 to ensure they are evidenced based.It was recommended in Healthy Weight Healthy Lives a toolkit for developing local strategies that more weight management services should be commissioned.2 Counterweight is an evidence based weight management programme that has been shown to be highly cost effective.29 This strategy will therefore utilize this cost effective service to ensure weight management ser vices are available for those who want to loose weight. Weight management schemes designed specifically for children will also be assed and introduced on securing funding e.g. MEND (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition, Do it).30The full Obesity Strategy swear out envision is shown in Table 4.11.0 Monitoring and evaluationThe implementation and monitoring of this strategy will be overseen by the Obesity Strategy Group for Preston Ribble. To measure success of the overall aim of reducing obesity levels in the population, overarching strategy indicators are shown in Table 3.Table 3 Overarching strategy indicators.IndicatorSource quantify1% children in Reception who are obeseNCMP yearly Feb2% children in Reception who are overweight or obeseNCMP yearly Feb3% children in Yr 6 who are obeseNCMPAnnually Feb4% children in Yr 6 who are overweight or obeseNCMPAnnually Feb5Prevalence of BMI or equal to 30 in adults over age of 16 in previous 15 months in GP registersQoFAnnuallyThe Obesity Strategy Ac tion Plan shown in Table 4 includes an evaluation framework. For each action, the outcome and mental process measure is indicated. The highlighted lead will be responsible for ensuring the specified outcomes and mental process indicators are measured and reported back to the Strategic Obesity Group at the specified time.Table 4 Obesity Strategy Action PlanStrategic Theme 1 Change the obesogenic nature of the local environmentObjectives and key actionsApproach to health promotion indicated(medical / behaviour change / educational / empowerment / social change)TimescaleResourcesLead responsibility and partnersPerformance Measure / Outcome(Social Change)Objective Influence public policyEnsure HIA part of policy developmentRoll out HIA training to planning and transportation teams within the council.Within 6 monthsIMPACT 5 day HIA training course for team leaders (700 pp)In house HIA awareness 1 day course delivered by trained HIA champions.CouncilTraining providersAll team leaders co mpleted 5 day HIA course1 day in house HIA awareness training attended by 90% of officersIncrease availability of active transport Planning and transportation to be existing pass and walking routes around the district and undertake a gap analysis of opportunities for more routes.Within 6 monthsPlanning officer timePlanningParks and voidTransport subsisting cycling walking routes mapped.Results of gap analysis reported.Restrict access to unhealthy food.Work with planning to restrict permission of fast food outlets within 500 metres of schoolsOngoingPlanning Officer timePlanning part Health PromotionNo applications granted after 1 year.Improve walkability of neighbourhoods.Improve timely interaction between environmental Health, Housing, Police to tackle social nuisances.Monitor community satisfaction via questionnaires / community meetings every year.Ongoing adjectival development time by all partners.Environmental HealthHousing DepartmentHousing AssociationsPoliceCommunity Grou psCommunity group and resident feedback of significant improvement.Establish new food growing sites to improve the health and well being of residents.Identify land available for food growing projects.Within 6 monthsPlanning Officer timePlanning containLand Owners4 new growing sites to be established.Objective Influence businesses to become healthy workplacesOrganise an area forum and develop website for representatives of local businesses to raise awareness in employers of production benefits in promoting healthy lifestyles. get up business in the community workwell campaign, case studies of good practice.Within 6 monthsHealth and wellbeing workplace officer (in Environmental Health) 30KEnvironmental Health, percentage Health Promotion,Occupational Health,ITExisting Area Business and Commerce assemblysForum website developed.Influence roll-out of workplace policies totackle obesity via newly appointed health and wellbeing workplace officer employed to promote and facilitate the de velopment of healthy active workplaces.1 2 yearsHealth and wellbeing workplace officerEnvironmental Health,PCT Health Promotion,Occupational Health,Existing Area Business and Commerce ForumsFeedback from forum of increase in healthy policies. (website survey monkey at 1 and 2 years)Critically assess workplace practices in NHS and the Local Authority and introduce policies that encourage physical activity and healthy eating. Promote implementation of NICE Guidance 43.1 2 yearsHealth and wellbeing workplace officerEnvironmental HealthPCT Health Promotion, Human Resources teams, Occupational Health,Catering servicesAll NHS and LA workplaces assessed after 2 years.Launch a workplace health and wellbeing award scheme to encourage employers to recognise the influence that they can have on their employees health.6 12 monthsHealth and wellbeing workplace officer time, LA communications teamEnvironmental Health,Council Comms,PCT Health Promotion,Occupational Health,Existing Area Business and Commerce Forums demonstrate scheme launched after 12 months.(Empowerment)Objective Work with communities to make active lifestyles easierWork with communities to identify perceived needs for cycling and walking routes.6 12 monthsPlanning Officer timePlanningParks LeisureCommunity GroupsHealth walk Leaders