Hazard from Space

Mass extinction theory attributes the extinction of living organism to collision of extraterrestrial objects such as asteroids with the Earth. The collision results into drastic climatic change due to suspended clouds of dusts that affects radiation from the sun. Drastic and intermittent occurrence of meteors and asteroid resulted to a gradual loss of living organisms during the course of the Earth’s history.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Hazard from Space specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most credible example giving plausible explanation regarding mass extinction is the dinosaur extinction, which occurred approximately 65 million years ago. Rogers claims that, â€Å"†¦basic experiments have been done, and it seems clear that the iridium came from an extraterrestrial source within the solar system† (25). However, debate concerning dinosaur extinction still rages. The massive impact o f extraterrestrial objects did not cause mass extinction of dinosaurs. The extinction of dinosaur may not have occurred due to drastic impact of meteors and asteroids since the probability of extraterrestrial objects to occur in future is quite negligible. â€Å"Astronomers theorized that the Oort cloud of comets could cross the path of our solar system every 26 million years, and would possibly rain comets on our planet for a few million years† (Waldner 19). This prediction has not happened and it seems it will never happen. Dinosaur basis of mass extinction theory do not give plausible explanation for extraterrestrial bodies since they occurred only once during the period of dinosaurs and there is no possibility of future occurrence. If there was subsequent occurrence of extraterrestrial bodies and concomitant loss of living organism, then this theory would be valid, but since the occurrence is indefinite, extraterrestrial bodies did not cause extinction of dinosaurs. Selec tive extinction is another line of evidence that disapproves the dominant theory of dinosaur extinction. If the great impact of extraterrestrial bodies’ collision with Earth resulted into drastic climatic change, then under what mechanism did selective extinction occur? There is no credible explanation of the mechanisms surrounding extinction and survival of organisms. The theory concentrates on extinction without giving plausible explanation of the survival mechanism of the other organisms. Moreover, extinction studies focus on dinosaur extinction alone and extrapolated findings, and may be, other organism did not undergo mass extinction as claimed. Joblonski argues that, â€Å"lack of understanding of the physiology of dinosaurs makes the issue more complex; if they were endothermic, why did they not survive like birds and mammals? If they were ectothermic, why did small dinosaurs not survive like small reptiles? (205). Hence, the mechanism of survival or extinction remain s insufficient in explaining the nature of mass extinction.Advertising Looking for assessment on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the determination and dating of the occurrence of extraterrestrial bodies, iridium deposits on the rock surface gives substantial evidence. Iridium originates from the solar system and their sedimentation on the rock surfaces signifies the occurrence of the extraterrestrial bodies. However, â€Å"a new study has challenged the theory by claiming that those supposed clues are nothing more than fossilized balls of fungus, charcoal, and fecal pellets† (Rogers 34). The evidence shows that even organic matter that occur naturally on Earth when subjected to cycles of fire can produce iridium, which is a fossil complex. Therefore, fossils records have proved that fungal sediments are ubiquitous and their presence over a long period of history under intermittent fire out brakes transform ed them into cretaceous fossils. Therefore, based on the evidence gathered in this research paper, the extinction of dinosaurs did not result from a massive impact event. Works Cited Joblonski, David. â€Å"Mass Extinctions and Macroevolution.† Paleobiology 31.2 (2005): 192–210. Print. Rogers, Phila. â€Å"Berkeley Scientists Report First Evidence that Dinosaur Extinction Caused by Meteorite Impact.† Science Archive Journal 3.2 (1979): 23-39. Print. Waldner, David. â€Å"Inferences and Explanations at the K/T Boundary†¦and Beyond.†Ã‚  Theory and Evidence 6.4 (2003): 1- 38. Print. This assessment on Hazard from Space was written and submitted by user Maleah F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm Essays - British Films

1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm Essays - British Films 1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm The novel, Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a satire of the Russian Revolution in 1917. This novel takes place in England, on a farm called Manor Farm. The animals on this farm go on a rebellion against Mr Jones, bringing the farm to which the animals renamed it as Animal Farm. However, years later, the farm evolves back to its original name, Manor Farm. Many characters are shown throughout the novel. However, one major character who changed in the novel is Napoleon. Changes in Napoleon help us understand that if an individual is given too much power, they will abuse that power and become greedy and self-centered. At the very start of the novel, we can see Napoleon as a fair and equal member of the farm, who believed in animalism but soon changes into a selfish and lazy character. This can be shown through Napoleon stealing the milk, chasing Snowball away and killing Boxer. The first change we see in Napoleon is when he steals the milk. This is when the animals go out to work in the fields without Napoleon. Before the animals leave, they worry about the milk they have just collected. Napoleon tells the animals to not worry about the milk so the animals leave. However, When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. This implies that Napoleon has drunk the milk. This shows a change as we can see Napoleon is not working and does not share the milk equally with the farm animals. This change helps us understand the character Napoleon, as he is starting to become greedy and betray the spirits of animalism for his own personal gains. George Orwell uses this example to show how humans can be greedy and betray other people for their own personal gains too. This emphasises that, in the society we live in today, equality can never work out. This is an allusion to the 1917 Russian Revolution, where Stalin, who believed in communism craved for power and became dictator of Russia. Therefore, by stealing the milk we can understand Napoleon slowly changing from the good to bad. The second change we see in Napoleon is when he chases Snowball away from the farm. This happens when Snowball holds a meeting deciding whether they should start building the windmill or not. Napoleon disagrees and says it is nonsense. However, Snowball explains that life can be much easier with the windmill when, nine enormous dogs came bounding into the barndashing straight for Snowball. From here, we know that Napoleon is trying to get rid of Snowball. This shows a change as we can see Napoleon, who was equal and fair, suddenly gets rid of Snowball. This change in Napoleon helps us understand that Napoleon does not allow any opposition and that he is willing to betray others to maintain his control, which soon leads to dictatorship happening in the farm. George Orwell uses this example to show how humans can change, betray and get rid of others in order to gain power, by using force. This is an allusion of Stalin sending Trotsky into exile in 1929, because he had a large amount of supporters, including the Bolsheviks. Therefore by Napoleon using force against his opposition, we can understand that Napoleon is changing. The final change we see in Napoleon is when he chooses to kill Boxer. Animals on the farm are required to retire when they reach the age of about 12, so they can die naturally. Boxer, who is a hard-working horse, soon falls ill and reaches to the point where he cannot work anymore. However, instead of dying naturally, Napoleon and Squealer arrange plans to send Boxer over to the slaughterhouse. We can see that Napoleon is mistreating the animals to satisfy his own personal gains. This is shown when the animals say, from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whiskey. From here, we can tell that Napoleon had sent Boxer away for money. This shows a change, as Napoleon who was a fair and equal believer in animalism to a selfish and greedy animal soon

Discuss the role and charachteristics of e-communications in Essay

Discuss the role and charachteristics of e-communications in integrated marketing communication - Essay Example iced that the above forms are just indicative; in fact different forms of e-communications can appear within a particular market in accordance with the cultural characteristics and the general trends of the specific market. On the other hand, it should be noticed that the effectiveness of the type of e-communications chosen in each case depends on the structure of the market and the demands of the consumers as they have been identified through an appropriate marketing research. Under the above terms, e-communications can be considered as having a significant role on the development of marketing activities within a particular marketplace. In fact, e-communications should be considered as a tool for the improvement of marketing communication regarding a specific market. The evaluation of marketing communication strategies applied within a particular market belongs to marketers who have the responsibility to choose the appropriate e-communications tool taking into account that business activities worldwide should be promoted through specific marketing initiatives in order to be productive. In accordance with the above communication in marketing is an indispensable part of the marketing plan having a major importance for marketers around the world. In this context, e-communications become a valuable tool for the support of marketing initiatives worldwide (through the improvement of marketing communication as already explained above). The development of marketing plans has been a challenging task for marketers internationally. The above phenomenon should be explained primarily if taking into account the constant changes of consumer preferences and trends of the market worldwide. It is for this reason that the development of marketing communication has been considered to be a priority for marketers within the global market. More specifically, marketing communication has been proved to be the most effective method for improving the performance of marketing plans

Two high school teachers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two high school teachers - Essay Example gh school teachers is the same that is guiding and educating the students; despite of this, their way of teaching, giving instructions and their relationship with the students is very different. Both the teachers are excellent at their job but their methodologies of teaching differ from each other. My Maths teacher places greater emphasis on class work and ensures that all students complete the work taught in class there and then. She does not burden the students with homework. Instead, her stress is more on regularly testing the students and she conducts class tests every week. This is a method used by her to make sure that the students study at home and practice for the tests. She does not overburden the students by giving them too much of homework and conducting tests at the same time. On the other hand, my English teacher tries to spend greater time in class to explain and teach the students and answer their queries. He does not provide much work in class. But he ensures that the students are given regular homework. He does not conduct regular class tests but rather he takes monthly tests. He follows this pattern so that the students gain the maximum in class and revise the subject while doing the homework. Both the teachers try that their students gain the maximal knowledge, but their instructional goals are different; such as the student’s grade, what they would like their students to learn, and what a successful future is for the students. It is the goal of every teacher to make their students learn new things and to enhance their knowledge but their approaches vary. My English teacher focuses on helping the students improve in their weak points rather than only focusing on their strengths. He wants us to improve ourselves not just in a particular sector but to be all-rounders. According to him, our successful future depends on not just being book-worms or getting high grades but also being intellectual and smart. He expects us to have clear concepts

Profit Maximization An Actual or Theoretical Objective Term Paper

Profit Maximization An Actual or Theoretical Objective - Term Paper Example If the results are observed to have positive impacts on profits, only then that decision is taken into consideration for further implementation. There are number of reasons due to which the model of profit maximization receives attention.it is encouraged because of undeniable and sustainable advantages which it offers to the business. Some of them include: Measurement Standard For identifying the performance of a firm, the first question is asked whether the firm is yielding profits or incurring losses. The higher the profits are earned, the better the performance of the firm. This phenomenon is not merely theoretical but its implications can be seen in the real world also. For instance, before investing into any specific firm, the first thing that investors examine is whether the firm is earning profits or not. Investors never invest in any loss making firm and always make a portfolio of firms that are generating higher profits (Kaneda and Matsui, 2003). Survival of Firm Profits are directly linked with firm’s survival. A company that is incurring losses is more likely to get bankrupt irrespective of its history or past performance (Dwivedi, 2012). The example of Kodak can be quoted here. Despite of its experience of 131 years, the company filed for bankruptcy in January 2012. The company could not hold its position and began to incur losses due to which it could not survive and ultimately, collapsed. Economic and Social Welfare Indirectly, the objective of profit maximization caters to economic and social welfare. In businesses, profits account for allocation of resources and efficient utilization. Making payments and allocating resources such as land, labor, capital, assist in taking care of economic and social welfare (Dwivedi, 2012). A lot of thought has been given to the question of profit maximization by economists. Some large and complex institutions where people of different background work together, the purpose is to maximize profits. In actual situation, profit maximization is so common that in some cases, it leads to severe ethical concerns. In the lust of earning higher profits, companies tend to shun ethical boundaries and violate ethics for earning greater returns. Some popular brand such as GAP, Nike, Levi’s, Converse, have proved to be guilty for ethical violation. Their customer base and headquarters are located in United States whereas their production processes are carried out in Asia; therefore they have been criticized for exploitation of workers. They fail to amend the malpractices at production sites of which they are aware but do not take action to correct them. Profit maximization is the fundamental assumption of economic theory. Although it is undeniably of greatest important however, by itself, it is not an ample criterion for effective business management. In practice, there are number of motivations and considerations that influence the desire for maximum economic efficiency and greatest profit as well as the accompanying assumptions that trigger the firm’s economic theory. Criticism to Profit Maximization Despite of such importance in theoretical and actual context, profit maximization is still criticized due to number of reasons. It is considered as undesirable on account of the reasons mentioned below. It overlooks the means involved to earn

Amylase And Catalase Enzyme Catalysts Biology Essay

Amylase And Catalase Enzyme Catalysts Biology Essay An enzyme is a catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. Each enzyme works better under optimal conditions, which favor the most active shape for the enzyme molecule. Enzyme and substrate concentration, temperature, and pH are environmental factors important by producing the most reaction rate. Also, the different of factors are used to examine the effects of catalase and human amylase. Gas pressure Sensor, Vernier Gas Pressure interface, and Logger Pro are used to collect the pressure of oxygen. At 300C and pH 7 of catalase, the concentration of substrates and enzyme increase and the rates of reaction also rise. However, substrate concentration goes up at 400C and pH 7 of human amylase. Introduction: Enzymes are catalytic proteins, which control a chemical reaction by increasing the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process (Enzyme 2007).The catalytic speeds up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, which needed to break the chemical bonds between reactants to combine with other substances. In reactions, the substances at the beginning of the process are called substrate and enzyme can covert substrate molecules to product molecules. At lowering the activation energy barrier, the enzyme has specific substrates to absorb enough energy to reach the transition state (Campbell 2008). Enzymes are very specific in environmental factors, which affect the reaction rate. The enzyme only works on the substrate that fits the active site and no other (Campbell 2008). The enzyme binds to the substrate called the active site, which is made up amino acids (Enzyme 2007). The substrates enter active site, and the enzyme changes shape such that its active site enfolds the substrate and catalyze the reaction more easily. Moreover, the more substrate molecules are available, the more often they access the active sites (Campbell 2008). Enzyme works better under optimal conditions including enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH because they favor the most active shape for the enzyme molecule. Nevertheless, the enzyme will denature and become less efficient the rate of reaction when the conditions get extreme alteration (Campbell 2008). Each enzyme has a different specific temperature, which affects on the rate of reaction. Most human enzymes have optimal temperature of about 35-400C. Substrates collide with active site, the kinetic energy of the molecules coverts to increase chemical potential energy (Campbell 2008). Therefore, the temperature increases to reach the activation energy and the rate of an enzymatic reaction increase. In addition, if the chemical potential energy rises greater, some of the weak bonds of 3-D shape of the active protein are broken (Enzyme 2007). It will denature of the protein and inactivate the protein. Thus, the rate of reaction decrease when there are too much heat. Just as each enzyme has an optimal temperature, pH level also has an optimal of the range pH 6-8.The pH affects the structure of enzymes by altering basic amino acids or ionization of acidic (Campbell 2008). Changes of pH affect to 3-D shape of the protein, and enzymes become denatured. Substrate concentration and enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction of enzymes. When substrate concentration increases, it means that more substrate is added; the reaction rate increases because of using more the active site of the enzyme (enzyme 2007). However, when the active site of the substrate is reached at further point, enzymes are saturated to limit reaction rates. Thus, when the substrate concentration is constant, the rate of reaction of is constant. Nevertheless, when the substrates remain constant, the enzyme concentration increases and the rate of reaction also increases until certain limiting concentration. In the experiment, by different environment factors catalase is used to the actual experiment and human amylase is used to the simulation experiment. Catalase is enzyme present in all living cells. It decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water and protects cells( ). Amylase a digestive enzyme made primarily by the pancreas and salivary glands. The primary function of the enzyme amylase is to break down starches in food so that they can be used by the body to trigger specific chemical reactions (Amylase tests.2006). In addition, both the salivary and pancreatic amylases are ÃŽÂ ±-amylases in human physiology; ÃŽÂ ±-amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen (Amylase tests.2006). ÃŽÂ ±-amylase is predicted to work best in the human body temperature of 37 Â °C and pH from 5.6 to 6.9. If body heat exceeds 37Â °C by too much cells become impaired or permanently damaged, at lower temperature metaboli sm decreases without permanent damage until ice crystals form in the cells. Also, if pH is extremely high or low, the activity will decrease for most enzymes. Catalase is predicted in the temperature of 37.50C ,the pH under of 8, and the enzyme and substrate concentration is high. Methods: In this experiment, we tested catalase activity by using a yeast solution to determine the effects of enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Moreover, we measured the rate of chemical reaction by producing the pressure of oxygen and breaking down of hydrogen peroxide. First, we connected the Gas pressure Sensor to the Vernier Gas Pressure interface .Then we connected the Vernier Gas Pressure interface to the laptop. From the Biology with Computers folder, we opened the file 06 Enzyme (Pressure) from Logger Pro program. Then we used a clean large test tube and placed the enzyme solution at the very bottom of the test tube. In addition, we used an Erlenmeyer flask to keep the test tube from moving during the experiment. Also, we used the rubber stopper to insert and create a tight seal onto the test tube, and the stopper valve was in the closed position. We drew up the substrate solution (3% H2O2+ H2O) into the syringe and connected the syringe to the rubber stopper assembly. Later, we opened the valve of the syringe and injected the peroxide solution into the test tube and immediately closed the valve and clicked the collect button on the Logger Pro. While we waited three minutes to collect data, we didnt swirl or move the test tube. When data coll ection had finished, we removed the rubber stopper assembly and discarded the contents of the test tube. Then, we selected experiment and stored latest run in the Logger Pro software. We clicked on the graph where the data values began to increase, dragged the mouse point to the point where the graph began to look non-linear, and clicked the Linear Fit button to a linear regression.For all the experiments, we used the same processes. For enzyme concentration, we used 15 mL of water and 15 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. We placed one drop of yeast at the bottom of the test tube, and we drew up 6 mL of substrate solution. Following the above procedures, we performed the experiment and determined the rate as the slope of the curves we generated during the experiment. We repeated the experiment using different enzyme concentrations of two, three, four, and five drops and calculated the slopes as mentioned before. Therefore, we recorded the data in table one. Moreover, for substrate concentration we added 1 mL of water with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. We placed three drops of enzyme solution at the very bottom of the test tube, and we drew up the 6 mL of substate solution into the syringe from the beaker. In the same methods above, we performed the experiment and determined the rate as a slope of the curves during the experiment. We repeated the experiment using different substrate concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL of water and 4, 3, 2, and 1 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, we recorded the data in table two. Similarly, we used 3 mL of water with 3 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide for testing the effect of temperature on the enzyme. We added three drops of yeast at the bottom of the test tube and sealed it with the rubber stopper assembly. Then we placed the test tube in the flask half full with ice water and waited for three minutes. Also, at the same we placed syringe in ice for three minutes. We recorded the temperature from the thermometer placed in the ice. After the three minute period, we removed the syringe from the ice and connected it to the rubber stopper assembly, and we followed the general procedures to determine the rate of reaction. We repeated the experiment using different temperature of room temperature, 300C water bath, 400C water bath, 500C water bath, and 600C water bath and calculated the slopes as mentioned before. Thus, we determined the data in table three. Finally, we added 3mL of the pH 3 solution and 3 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. We placed three drops of yeast solution at the very bottom of the test tube, and we drew up the solutions into the syringe. In the same methods above, we performed the experiment and determined the rate as a slope of the curves during the experiment. We repeated the experiment using different pH solutions of pH 5, pH 7, pH 9, and pH 11. As the result, we recorded the data in table four. Results: Figure 1. Relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature for the human amylase. The data is collected from a simulated experiment by using the program Enzyme Investigation. In this experiment, the rate of reaction of human amylase are based on the constant of substrate concentration of 0.01 mole/L, enzyme concentration of 1.0 ÃÆ'-10-6 mole/L , and pH of 7.Human amylases optimal temperature is 400C. Figure 2.Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of pH for the human amylase. The data is collected from a simulated experiment by using the computer software Enzyme Investigations. While temperature at 250C, substrate concentration of 0.01 mole/L, and enzyme concentration of 1.0 ÃÆ'-10-6 mole/L remain constant, pH changes different level from 1 to 14. Figure3. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of substrate concentration for human amylase. The data is collected from a simulated experiment by using the computer software Enzyme Investigations. In this experiment, temperature at 400C , enzyme concentration of 1.0 ÃÆ'-10-6 mole/L, and pH of 7 remain constant. Figure4 .Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of temperature for the enzyme catalase by using the computer software Logger Pro and determined on a three minutes period each trial. Catalases optimal temperature is 300C. In this experiment, the rate of reaction is based on the constant of substrate concentration of 0.5 mL and yeast of 3 drops. Figure 5. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of pH for enzyme catalase.The data is collected from the actual experiment by using the computer software Logger Pro and determined the experiment on a three minutes period each trial . In this experiment, 3% H2O2 of 3mL and yeast of 3 drops remain constant, but level of pH varies from 3 to 11. Figure 6. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of enzyme concentration for enzyme catalase.The data is collected from the actual experiment by using the computer software Logger Pro and determined on a three minutes period per trial. In this experiment, 15mL of H2O and 15ml of 3%H2O2 remain constant, but more drops for enzyme solutions (yeast) are added. Figure 7. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of substrate concentration for the enzyme catalase.The data is collected from the actual experiment by using computer software Logger Pro and determined on a three minutes period. The effects are based on constant of enzyme solutions of 3 drops. Discussion:

Kings :: essays research papers

Volume 1 : Inferno Cantos I - XI Canto I Halfway through his life, DANTE THE PILGRIM wakes to find himself lost in the dark wood. Terrified at being alone in so dismal a valley, he wanders until he comes to a hill bathed in sunlight, and his fear begins to leave him. But when he starts to climb the hill his path is blocked by three fierce beasts: first a LEOPARD, then a LION, and finally a SHE-WOLF. They fill him with fear and drive him back down to the sunless wood. At that moment the figure of a man appears before him; it is the shade of VIRGIL, and the Pilgrim begs for help. Virgil tells him that he can not overcome the beasts which obstruct his path; they must remain until a ‘GREYHOUND’ comes who will drive them back to Hell. Rather by another path will the Pilgrim reach the sunlight, and Virgil promises to guide him on that path through Hell and Purgatory, after which another spirit, more fit that Virgil, will lead him to Paradise. The Pilgrim begs Virgil to lead on, and the Guide starts ahead. The Pilgrim follows. View a Picture of Dante Lost in the Dark Wood View a Picture of The Lion Confronting Dante Notes on Canto I Early critics of Dante thought that the three beasts that block the Pilgrim’s path as symbolising three specific sins: lust, pride and avarice, but it may be that they represent the three major divisions of Hell. The spotted leopard represents Fraud and reigns over the Eighth and Ninth Circles, where the Fraudulent are punished. The Lion symbolises all forms of Violence, which are punished in the Seventh Circle. The she-wolf represents the different types of Concupiscence or Incontinence, which are punished in Circles Two to Five. In any case the beasts must represent the three major categories of human sin, and they threaten Dante the Pilgrim, the poets symbol of mankind. It is impossible to understand all of the allegory in the First Canto without having read the entire Comedy because Canto I is, in a sense, a miniature of the whole, and the themes that Dante introduces here will be the major themes of the entire work. Thus this canto is perhaps the most important of the entire work. This Canto explains that Dante must choose another road because, in order to arrive at the Divine Light, it is necessary first to recognise the true nature of sin, renounce it, and do penance for it.

Tapsihan

KAHITSAN (Sizzling Tapsihan) By: Camille Hazel Diaz To: Ms. Girlie L. Fernandez A thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing Management ABE International Business College-Fairview March 20, 2013 INTRODUCTION Tapsilog† is an original dish of the Filipinos which became a favorite since it was first created. â€Å"Tap† means tapa, â€Å"Si† means sinangag or fried rice and â€Å"Log† for itlog or egg. This kind of food is popular for Filipinos due to its tenderness and tastiness with the combination of fried rice and egg.Kahitsan is small eatery concept offering high quality yet affordable traditional Filipino food. It was originated from the word â€Å"Kahit Saan†, the word we used to hear every time we ask someone where they want to eat. This concept was build to let the people know that Kahit Saan also exist as a small eatery providing wide varieties of filipin o dishes. Kahitsan is located at the eastern end of Claro M. Recto Avenue due to high density of colleges and universities found in the area.It serves a variety of mouth-watering Sizzling Silog Meals such as TapSiLog, ToSiLog, CornSiLog, SigSiLog, PorkSiLog, BurgerSiLog, HotSiLog, ChixSiLog, and LongSiLog with a combination of Bulalo Soup. The gravy made it even more delicious and serves it on a sizzling plate. We offered a delicious and affordable price that gives a satisfaction to our customer that they surely get what they paid off. THESIS STATEMENT Nowadays, people tend to eat outside due to busy days. Some students were not able to bring their own â€Å"baon† especially colleges. KahitSan provides services to valuable customers.Our main target market are students and other professionals who work near into our location. Kahitsan maintains product consistency to provide the customers the same high quality they received every time they go to our place. Our strategy is to bu ild more customers in order to increase revenue. Unlike other small eatery, kahitsan have separate take-out counter for those customers who prefer to eat at different place, this will also be an advantage because kahitsan will be able to receive additional income even the place were full of customers. We also provide loyalty cards for an effective way of increasing sales from a specific customer.This card will be showed when they order to us. Effectiveness of this card is due to the provided sense of and it additional value to customers gives the feeling of value. SALES TECHNIQUES Kahitsan’s strategy is based on delivering a strong customer value proposition in a niche market. Our location is full of colleges and professionals that do not have endless opportunities for dining out. Our competitive edge is to be the first eatery â€Å"tapsilogan† along Claro M. Recto Avenue, in a friendly, non-smoking, customer-oriented dine in experience and first to have its separate t akeout counter.To drive customers to Kahitsan, we will employ several techniques outlined below. * Coupon – coupon will be given to people who passed by our store to inform them about our menus. * Flyers will be used for the advertisements which bring in customers. * (Word of Mouth) Encourage customers to become regular customers, and to tell all their friends and acquaintances about the great experiences and time that they shared to us. * Facebook Fan Page is an essential tool to promote my business. * Barkada Meals good for 3 to 5 persons. SALES OPERATION/SERVICESKahitsan will be operating for 14 hours from 7am in the morning up to 9pm in the evening. We’ll be planning to open our store ahead from our competitors so early risers will tend to eat breakfast in our place. Our products will be served fast and ready to consume and will be an alternative to the usual fast-food options available in today's market. Kahitsan will not operate its business on Sundays to give ou r employees a rest. Checking of inventories on Sundays will be an advantage so we will know the food supplies we need to replenish for the whole 6 days operation. Take-out counter – Kahitsan will be providing a separate takeout counter for those customer who wants to buy our products and serves as â€Å" pasalubong† for their families, friends and colleague * 15 tables (good for 4 persons) – Kahitsan will be having 15 tables with a minimum of 4 chairs each table to suits those customers who came with their friends. It is better to provide a large no. of tables instead of a few which pushed the others to find another place instead of waiting others to finish eating. POS (Point of sale) system – All sales data will be logged on our POS system so we can track our sales automatically instead of just writing it on a paper. * Loyalty cards: After 10 meals purchased, the 11th will be less 50% discount. * Bulletin Kahitsan – kahitsan will be announcing som e promos to be posted in our bulletin. MENU: Tapsilog P40. 00 Chicksilog P45. 00 Hotsilog P40. 00 Sigsilog P45. 00 Barkada Meal P95 Silog MealsPriceDrinksPrice TosilogP40. 00 Coke 8ozP12. 00 Cornisilog P40. 00Coke 1L P30. 00 LongsilogP40. 00Mountain Dew P20. 00 Burgersilog P45. 0Mineral Water P12. 00 Porksilog P45. 00Water P0. 00 PROFIT SALES: per dayper month Tapsilog P40 x 30 = P1200 P32400 Longsilog P40 x 8 =P320 P8640 Hotsilog P40 x 7 =P280 P7560 Cornsilog P40 x 5 =P200 P5400 Tosilog P40 x 5 =P200 P5400 Chicksilog P45 x 20 =P900 P24300 Sigsilog P45 x 25 =P1125 P30275 Porksilog P45 x 10 =P450 P12150 Burgersilog P45 x 10 =P450 P12150 Barkada Meal P95 x 5 =P475 P12825 Extra Rice P8 x 80 =P640 P17280 Coke 8oz P12 x 10 =P120 P3240 Coke/Sprite 1L P30 x 5 =P150 P4050 Mountain Dew P20 x 3 =P60 P1620Mineral Water P12 X10 =P120 P3240 TOTAL GROSS SALES:P6690 P180630 EXPENSES: EquipmentsP25000 Rent ExpenseP12000 Salary ExpenseP25000 Food Supplies ExpenseP55000 Utilities ExpenseP4000 Miscell aneous ExpenseP10000 TOTAL:P121000 SALESP180630 Less:EXPENSESP121000 NET PROFIT:P59630 (monthly) CONCLUSION: KahitSan is strategically located at Claro M. Recto Avenue serving not only large no. of students but professionals as well. KahitSan will be providing a hassle free service to all our valued customer especially for those who finds place to eat and just relax for a little time.Our main goal is to gain more customers and retain those that patronize our service by giving them an excellent customer service. Responsible profit will fairly compensate and reward employees for their hard work, loyalty and commitment. Kahitsan will find different ways that will make our customers satisfied with our service. The market will definitely respond and grow quickly on the next 3 years and establish 2 store locations in different place. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www. bplans. com/healthy_restaurant_business_plan http://www. entrepreneur. com. ph/board/index. php? action=search2 http://en. wikipedia . org/wiki/University_Belt

Penal System essays

Penal System essays Prison inmates, are some of the most "maladjusted" people in society. Most of the inmates have had too little discipline or too much, come from broken homes, and have no self-esteem. They are very insecure and are "at war with themselves as well as with society" (Szumski 20). Most inmates did not learn moral values or learn to follow everyday norms. Also, when most lawbreakers are labeled criminals they enter the phase of secondary deviance. They will admit they are criminals or believe it when they enter the phase of secondary deviance (Doob 171). Next, some believe that if we want to rehabilitate criminals we must do more than just send them to prison. For inezce, we could give them a chance to acquire job skills; which will improve the chances that inmates will become productive citizens upon release. The programs must aim to change those who want to change. Those who are taught to produce useful goods and to be productive are "likely to develop the self-esteem essential to a normal, integrated personality" (Szumski 21). This kind of program would provide skills and habits and "replace the sense of hopelessness" that many inmates have (Szumski 21). Moreover, another technique used to rehabilitate criminals is counseling. There is two types of counseling in general, individual and group counseling. Individual counseling is much more costly than group counseling. The aim of group counseling is to develop positive peer pressure that will influence its members. One idea in many sociology text is that group problem-solving has definite advantages over individual problem-solving. The idea is that a wider variety of solutions can be derived by drawing from the experience of several people with different backgrounds. Also one individuals problem might have already been solved by another group member and can be suggested. ...

A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay Example

A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay Example A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay Nowadays, it is going progressively hard to disregard the construct of Internal Audit in the concern universe. Among the well known definitions of IA, there is the Institute of Internal Auditors ( IIA ) ( 2009 ) which defined it as: An independent, nonsubjective confidence and consulting activity designed to add value and better an organisation s operations. It helps an organisation carry through its aims by conveying a systematic, disciplined attack to measure and better the effectivity of hazard direction, control, and administration procedures. This definition embodies a complete position of IA with respect to put on the line direction, control and administration ( Leung et al. , 2011 ) . The Internal Audit Function ( IAF ) should therefore non merely analyze the effectivity but besides assistance in the betterment of the hazard direction procedure ( Pickett, 2010 ) . 1.1.2 A brief history of internal auditing in Mauritius In Mauritius, the recent developments in the field of IA have led to a renewed involvement in this peculiar construct. In the past decennaries, IA was seen as a mechanism to double-check the 1000s of fiscal minutess that were posted to the histories each hebdomad ( Owusu, 2012 ) . In contrast, today s IA facilitates the development of suited controls as portion of a wider hazard scheme, and provides confidences on the dependability of these controls. In the present and future Mauritian concern environment, the IAF can no longer retain the traditional transaction-based function ( Pickett, 2003 ) . However, this shows a demand to respond more rapidly in today s planetary market place where companies are seeking to accomplish its strategic ends. It is therefore critical in placing chances, hazards and exposures that can find success or failure. Besides, PricewaterhouseCoopers ( PwC ) ( 2005 ) in Mauritius provides a scope of IA services, from outsourcing and co-sourcing, to Sarbanes-Oxley services and Quality Assurance Reviews that go above traditional fiscal coverage to assist IA gain its full strategic potency. It is deserving observing the function of IA is germinating because of economic conditions, new and rising hazards. These scenarios are making a dynamic environment and a new chance for IA to show its worth in pull offing hazard. In this fluid environment, many companies are fighting to manage or even to place the complex hazards they face. 1.2 Background of Research In position of the compelling nature of the 2011 fiscal crisis which has had a negative consequence in Mauritius and many other states across the Earth, houses are being persuaded to make a more in depth work with a more holistic attack to put on the line direction. As administrations struggle for success after the crisis, many are inquiring: What is, and what should be, the function of internal auditing in hazard direction? Correspondingly, in the wake of corporate dirts and the planetary fiscal crisis, corporate administration has received immense attending from regulators and the populace. The past decennary has seen the rapid development of IA in hazard direction. Regulatory responses have focused on increasing revelation demands associating to corporate administration and this has, in bend, driven increased consciousness and demand for internal confidence on corporate administration processes, particularly, internal control and hazard direction. Having a alone place within the administration, the internal audit map ( IAF ) is good placed to supply this confidence and is an indispensable constituent of the corporate administration mosaic. Consequently, the function of IA has evolved well. Primarily, in the yesteryear, IA focused on internal control while today, it emphasized on concern hazard. Second, there is a alteration signifier an independent assessment map towards an integrated hazard direction. IA is besides going a existent direction adviser while affecting in an aim and consulting activity. 1.3 Internal Audit and Risk Management There is considerable involvement in the research of IA and hazard direction. The hazard direction is nevertheless believed to be a cardinal duty of direction. This issue refers to the manner by which an administration analyses, feats, fundss, and proctors hazards from all beginnings so as to add to the house s short and long-run value to its stakeholders. However, administrations are being pressurised to place all the concern hazards they face such as societal, ethical, environmental every bit good as fiscal and operational hazards. They need to explicate how they cut down the hazards to the minimal degree. Meanwhile, houses have acknowledged that the turning engagement of IA and hazard direction is of import. This is because, the IA has to verify the adequateness of the hazard direction procedure that is, whether direction has planned and designed it suitably by guaranting that it provides sensible confidence that the administrations aims will be achieved. Despite IA s natural involvement in hazard direction, there is argument as to their combination. Undoubtedly, the internal hearers varied functions and accent on hazard direction are dependent on the adulthood of the hazard direction procedure in the house. Consequently, there is an pressing demand that precautions are put in topographic point to guarantee that the full company particularly, internal hearers to the full understand direction s duty towards hazard direction. However, this has lead to a new construct covering with the betterment of the traditional construct known as the Enterprise Risk Management ( ERM ) . Consequently, the IA profession has become a cardinal driver of ERM which is defined by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations ( COSO ) ( 2004 ) as: a procedure, effected by an entity s board of managers, direction, and other forces ; applied in a scheme scene and across the endeavor ; designed to place possible events that may impact the entity ; and pull off hazard to be within its hazard appetency to supply sensible confidence sing the accomplishment of entity aims. This definition has included all facets related to an effectual hazard direction. 1.4 Problem Statement Indeed, many administrations exist to accomplish their ain specific ends and aims. Unfortunately, ends are non ever achieved as expected, because they have to be achieved in an environment of hazard. Surely, no entity operates in a riskless environment, and hazard direction will non make such an environment. In this position, hazard direction is an country of paramount importance to a house. Because every company is exposed to hazards, effectual hazard direction is necessary for the patterned advance of a concern entity. Risk direction will, nevertheless, assist direction to run more efficaciously in an environment filled with hazard. A new attack to hazard is now called the ERM. However, portion of the covering with hazards includes the IAF, which exists to analyze and describe on hazard exposures and the administration s hazard direction attempts. Hence, a inquiry that arises is whether the IA is an of import participant in hazard direction. However, there is besides a existent danger of IA losing their independent position within administrations if they merge excessively much into hazard direction maps. There is besides a great demand to look into how this engagement of IA in hazard direction can raise any menaces to IA objectiveness and independency. 1.5 Research Objectives: As a consequence, the chief research aims of this survey are as follows: To analyze on how the function of IA has changed in the recent old ages by emphasizing on its importance in administration. To critically analyze how IA see itself as an of import participant in hazard direction within the Mauritanian companies, by stressing on its significance. To look into how this engagement of internal hearers in hazard direction can raise any menaces to internal hearers objectiveness and independency. To find the extent to which ERM is implemented and used in the entities of Mauritius every bit good as to analyze the different functions that IA can or can non set about in relation to put on the line direction. However, this undertaking is structured as follows: the following subdivision reviews the literature which farther develops our research methodological analysis. This is followed by the subdivision that analyses the research findings and eventually comes the decision and recommendations subdivision.

The National Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The National Curriculum - Essay Example As education is has been influenced highly by learning principles, this section will discuss the theories in psychology that shaped the education curriculum. This whole section will serve as a background for the arguments that will be presented in the succeeding section. Based on the philosophical and theoretical perspectives discussed above, these purposes will be evaluated. The aims of this section are: (1) to situate the purposes highlighted by the national curriculum on philosophical perspectives of education; and (2) to evaluate the extent that these goals are adhering to the philosophy of education. To be able to do this, various perspectives from scholars and academics will be presented. The conclusion will summarise the discussions that have been presented. It will highlight the points of contentions and disagreements with regard to the implementation of the national curriculum. I will present my own perspective with regard to the philosophical issues raised by the objectives stated in the national curriculum. I will end by providing recommendations based on my analysis.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example The third objective is to increase customer loyalty significantly and turn at least 30 percent of its customers into repeat customer during the season. The company will use television advertisements, bill boards, and social media to market its brand to its main target market which is the young population of Hull City. The strategy of market penetration will be adopted by the company to increase its market share. The company will also use the occasion of Christmas and the tradition of gift giving in its marketing messages to the young population of Hull City. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 SWOT Analysis 4 Marketing Objectives 5 Target Markets 6 Product Offering 7 Brand Positioning 8 Marketing Strategies 9 Consumer Behavior 9 Marketing Mix for the Marketing Strategy 10 Implementation and Control 13 Budget 14 Appendix 16 Figure 2: Balance Scorecard of Chocolate Industry UK 17 Source: Trading Vision 17 Introduction The Christmas season is good for the retail industr y as it is a season where people exchange gifts. The season offer immense opportunities for businesses all over United Kingdom. Chocolate industry like other similar industries also experience significant increase in sales in the Christmas season (Holmes, 2009). Thorntons is a famous chocolate company of United Kingdom having presence all over the country (Thorntons, 2012). ... A detailed budget will also be presented in the marketing plan. In the marketing plan specific steps will be discussed that the company can use to increase its sales in the Hull City. The marketing plan will aim at increasing the sales of the company in the Christmas season. SWOT Analysis s Strengths Weaknesses Established Brand Name (See figure 2 in Appendix) Rich History Established Infrastructure in Markets Good Public Image Reduced Sales Confused Pricing Strategy Consistent Profitability issues Issues in Distribution Opportunities Threats Growing Chocolate Industry Young population of Hull City Seasons like Christmas and Easter Governmental regulation regarding food marketing and chocolate sizes Increasing competition in the industry Ethical issues reading Cocoa farmers Marketing Objectives The main marketing objective of Thorntons is to increase its sales in the Christmas season in the Hull City. As discussed above the sales of chocolate increase significantly in the Christmas s eason (Sweet Retailing, 2011) and therefore the company has a vast market in front of it. Thorntons should follow the strategy of market penetration in order to increase its sales in the Christmas season. Market penetration strategy helps the company increase its market share (Proctor, 2000). The strategy of market penetration is very appropriate for the company at this particular point because its overall sales are reducing and this strategy will help the company remedy this weakness. The company also has a rich history and well established brand name in the market and it can use it to attract more sales. The company should have three specific marketing objectives. The first objective should be to increase its sales by at least 25 percent from October to December. This is